With the increasing demand of oil and gas, some oil and gas fields with severe well conditions are being succes-sively developed. Additionally, the continuous application of strengthening oil production measures and the extended production life of oil and gas wells make the service working conditions of casing be more and more harsh. The phenomenon of casing damage in oil and gas fields (referred to as "Casing Damage") has become increasingly serious, the amount of casing damage wells shows an growth trend, and the normal production of oil and gas has been seriously affected, even leading to oil and gas wells be abandoned and shut down, and causing the risks of safety and environmental protection. Corrosion, especially pitting corrosion, is the main cause of casing damage in oil and gas fields (up to 19/36 in some cases), and also a key factor affecting the reliability and service life of casing. Therefore, the definition of casing damage was briefly described. The present status of casing damage in oil and gas field at home and abroad and the corrosion failure forms, characteristics and harm of casing damage were introduced. The corrosion mechanism casing damage, main influencing factors, action mechanism, weight of each factor and factor categories were mainly summarized from material and environment (temperature, CO2, H2S, Cl-, degree of mineralization, etc.). The corresponding protective and control measures including anti-corrosion materials and surface engineering etc. at different stages were summed up. In addition, the research focus of casing damage and the adopted technology methods were also prospected so as to provide references and theoretical basis for effectively reining the growth momentum of casing damage resulting from corrosion and maintaining the safe, green and sustainable development of oil and gas.