The work aims to develop an UV/air dual curing system by ultraviolet curing and air post curing so as to make up the low curing speed of the single UV curing system and the deficiency of incomplete curing in the corner and edge. Castor oil with air-drying curing property was introduced into waterborne polyurethane with carbon-carbon double bond at both ends. Thus, the waterborne polyurethane system could be UV-cured and air-cured. Waterborne polyurethane wood coatings with UV curing, UV/air dual curing and air/UV dual curing were synthesized by controlling the amount of photoinitiator and drier. The effects of different waterborne polyurethane emulsion formulations and different curing processes on the properties of film were characterized. The PUD had good storage stability with no precipitation and delamination within 90 days. The emulsion was stable and the water resistance and mechanical properties of the coating were good with 6.5% DMPA and 15.24% CO. The tensile strength, elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of the film by UV/air dual curing were 13.06 MPa, 22.53% and 11.39 MPa, respectively. Both the films by UV/air and air/UV dual curing systems had hardness of 4H and adhesion of 0 grade. The mechanical properties of the film by UV/air dual curing are the best compared with that of film by air/UV curing film and single UV curing, and the thermal stability is between that of film by air/UV curing and single UV curing. The hardness and adhesion of wood coating film cured by UV/air and air/UV dual curing are better than that of film by traditional single UV curing method.