The work aims to prepare wear-resistant and self-sensing coating (Cu-14A1-X/SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+) on 45# steel to quickly and efficiently monitor the friction and wear conditions of coating. The luminous composite coatings with different volume fractions of strontium aluminate and high aluminum bronze powders were fabricated on 45# steel by cold spraying. The effects of phosphors content on the phase composition, luminescent properties, surface morphology and cross section morphology of the self-sensing composite luminescent coating were analyzed by XRD, SEM and fluorescence spectrophotometer. The phase composition of Cu-14A1-X/SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ was same as that of original powders. As the volume fraction of strontium aluminate phosphate powders in coating increased, the thickness of coating prepared under the same process gradually increased. The bonding strength between three kinds of coatings and the substrate increased with the growth of strontium aluminate powder particles and then decreased slightly. Meanwhile, with the change of volume fraction of phosphors, the maximum deposition rate of barium aluminate particles on the surface of the composite coating was 13.6% and then gradually decreased and the corresponding luminous strength of coating also decreased. When the mix ratio of high aluminum bronze and barium aluminate particles is 7 : 3, the emission spectrum of coating meets the broadband emission 4f65d1→4d7. Under stimulation, dazzling yellow-green light will be emitted and good indication effects will be obtained. Barium aluminate particles can fix the coating and has good deposition effects and high bonding strength.