The work aims to investigate the wear resistance of the self-lubricating coatings with different composition system. TiB2-TiC self-lubricating ceramic composite coatings were fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser surface alloying with the powders of B4C and graphite. Phase of the coatings was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer. Microstructure of the coatings was observed by scanning electron microscope. Chemical composition of micro-area of the coatings was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscope. Hardness of the coatings was measured by Vickers hardness tester. Tribological characteristics of the coatings were tested by friction and wear tester. The results show that the coatings were free of cracks and pores and exhibited good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The coatings were composed of the in-situ formed phases of TiB2 and TiC and the residual phases of B4C and graphite. The upper zone of the coatings was comprised of coarse and interlinked TiB2-TiC epitaxial microstructure. The middle and bottom zone of the coatings were comprised of plate-like, quadrilateral and acicular TiB2, dispersed TiB2-TiC epitaxial eutectic microstructure, and dendritic and granular TiC. The maximum hardness of the coatings was 2167HV, and the average hardness of the coatings was equivalent to 4.7~5.3 times of the substrate. Due to the lubrication of residual graphite and high hardness of the ceramic phases, the minimum friction coefficient of the coatings was about 1/2 of the substrate and the minimum wear volume of the coatings was about 1/25.7 of the substrate. The coating with the original alloying powders B4C∶C=2∶1 (mole ratio, 2-1 coating) had the lowest wear volume. TiB2-TiC self-lubricating ceramic composite coatings possessed good friction-reducing property and wear resistance. Due to the highest hardness and good friction-reducing effect, 2-1 coating had the best wear resistance.