The work aims to improve the hardness, the wear resistance and the comprehensive performance of the deposited materials on steel. The Fe-C-Cr-Nb surface deposited materials with different contents of Nb were deposited by gas shielded welding. JmatPro was used to simulate the CCT curve and equilibrium cold reign curve of deposited layers with different contents of Nb and analyze the influence of Nb content on transformation and precipitated phase of deposited structure. The optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer were used to observe the grain size, surface morphology and composition of the deposited layer and analyze the precipitated phase. The macro hardness and wear resistance of the deposited metal were tested by rock well hardness tester and sliding friction wear tester. The microstructure of the deposited layer with different contents of Nb consisted of martensite and some bainite and a large number of MC-type carbides were formed in substrate. When the Nb content was 1.5%, the carbides were dispersed in the deposited structure, and the strengthening effect was the best. At this time, the highest hardness was 55.3HRC. In addition, MC-type carbides had an obvious effect on grain en-forcement, so it could improve the toughness of the deposition. The combination of the hard phase and the tough matrix allowed the wear resistance of the deposited microstructure to reach the best when the Nb content was 1.5%. By adjusting the content of Nb in the Fe-C-Cr-Nb surface deposited materials, the microstructure of deposited materials and the composition and distribution of carbides are effectively controlled to improve the comprehensive performance of the deposition layer.