The work aims to study the friction and wear mechanism of micro/nano composite superhydrophobic structures to improve the micro-friction and wear performance of magnesium alloys. Firstly, the micron structure was obtained by laser etching, then the surface was coated with SiO2 nanoparticles to obtain the micro/nano composite structure, and finally the superhydrophobic surface was obtained by coating the low-energy surface materials. The static contact angles of superhydrophobic surface were measured by the contact angle meter, the friction and wear performance was analyzed by micro-friction and wear tester and the microstructures of surfaces were examined by SEM. When the load was 1 N, the friction coefficient of the superhydrophobic surface was about 0.04, and that on the surface of the matrix was about 0.06. As the load increased, the friction coefficient of the superhydrophobic surface was close to that on the matrix and gradually exceeded that on the matrix. With the increase of time, the friction coefficient of the superhydrophobic surface increased from 0.04 to 0.08. However, there was no obvious rising trend of matrix samples. In the same conditions, the wear scar width of the superhydrophobic surface was greater than that of the matrix surface, but the increasing trend of the wear scar width was smaller than that of the matrix surface. The friction and wear process of micro/nano composite superhydrophobic surface is different from that of smooth matrix. The wear on the superhydrophobic surface first occurs on the micro/nano composite structure. After that, it appears in the micron pit area filled by the micro-nano/nanometer bump, then on the surface of the heat-affected zone of laser processing, and finally on the magnesium alloy matrix. When the load is lower than 1~3 N, the microconvex structure on the superhydrophobic surface can delay the occurrence of friction and improve the wear resistance.