The work aims to study the residual stress field of compound strengthening case produced by laser peening and shot peening on titanium alloy and its stability in the fatigue loading. TC17 titanium alloy was successively strengthened by laser peening and shot peening with the parameters of thin-wall blade and the distribution of residual stresses on compound strengthening surface was studied under X-ray diffraction method and its stability in tension-tension fatigue loads was analyzed at 25 ℃ and 400 ℃ respectively. The residual stress on compound strengthening surface by laser peening and shot peening fluctuated between -600 ~ -800 MPa and compressive residual stresses decreased gradually along with the depth. The depth of compressive residual stresses was 0.7~0.8 mm. The residual stresses in the depth from surface to 0.1 mm had larger distribution gradient and the distribution features were mainly dominated by shot peening. While, the residual stresses under 0.1 mm from the surface had smaller distribution gradient and the distribution features were mainly dominated by laser peening. The process sequence of laser peening and shot peening has certain influence on the uniformity of superficial residual stresses, but hardly af-fects the distribution of residual stresses in depth. The residual stresses of compound strengthening surface have excellent stability under fatigue load at room temperature, whereas it has amount of relaxation and tends to be stable under fatigue load at 400 ℃.