The work aims to prepare photo-curable waterborne polyurethane-modified acrylate/silica (WPUA/SiO2) compo-sites and improve the coating properties of waterborne photo-curable polymer materials. Silica nanoparticle functionalized with a double bond was prepared and introduced into a prepared photo-curable polyurethane-modified acrylate emulsion system to make a UV-curable aqueous WPUA/SiO2 composite emulsion and study the composite material preparation method. The dispersion stability of the functionalized silica nanoparticles in the system and its effect on the morphology, light transmission, hardness and other properties of coating films were analyzed. WPUA and functionalized silica nanoparticles contained C==C double bonds in the system, so the prepared WPUA/SiO2 composite could be cured by UV light. The organic molecular chains on the surface of functionalized silica nanoparticles improved its compatibility with the water-borne polyurethane modified acrylate, so the compound emulsion could be stored for more than 30 days when the silica nanoparticle reached 10 wt% (mass fraction). After curing, the light transmission and mechanical properties of the coating were significantly improved, the pencil hardness of the coating reached 3H, the adhesion was Grade 1, and the impact strength was greater than 50 kg?cm. The WPUA/SiO2 composite system prepared by this method has good stability, and the doping of the modified nanoparticles can improve the mechanical properties of UV-curable waterborne polyurethane modified acrylate and the light transmission of the composite coating significantly.