The work aims to improve the abrasion resistance on 6061 aluminum alloy further. NiAl and NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2 composite coatings were prepared on the surface of 6061 aluminum alloy by pulse Nd:YAG laser. SEM and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the effects of Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic phase on microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of NiAl coating. The hardness distribution and wear resistance of the coating were analyzed by HVS-1000 hardness tester and HSR-2M high-speed friction tester, respectively. Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic particles added to the cladding coating improved the quality of macromorphology and led to a smooth and uniform surface. The dendrite spacing decreased and the microstructure refined obviously. Compared with NiAl cladding coating, the amount of Al3Ni and Al3Ni2 with higher hardness in NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2 composite coating increased. Meanwhile, the Al2O3 reinforced phase and TiO2 and NiTi with better toughness were formed in the composite coating. The average microhardness of NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2 composite coating was about 650HV0.2, which was 300HV0.2 higher than that of NiAl coating and the wear volume was only 1/9 to matrix, which was 35% lower than that of NiAl coating. Under the condition of dry friction, the plowing and peeling of NiAl/Al2O3-TiO2 composite coating decreased significantly. With the combination effect of the grain refinements, dispersion strengthening and better toughness of the NiTi intermetallic compounds, the microhardness and abrasion resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy significantly improve.