The work aims to find out the coupling effects of the parameters of the laser cladding process on the quality and efficiency of multi-track overlapping, so as to improve the quality of the surface and the internal micro-structure of the multi-track cladded layer and the forming efficiency. The response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to establish a mathematical model of laser power, scanning speed, gas flow, overlapping rate and flatness ratio, cladding efficiency and pore area of multi-track surface. The variance analysis and inspection indicators were used to validate the correctness of the mathematical model. Laser power and gas flow had no significant effects on the flatness ratio, while the value of flatness ratio was inversely proportional to scanning speed and overlapping rate. In addition, the overlapping rate had significant effects on the cladding efficiency and the increased overlapping rate could lower down cladding efficiency. The aforementioned four process parameters could affect pore area to different degrees. Increasing the overlapping rate and decreasing the scanning speed appropriately could reduce the pore area of the cladding layer. The processing parameters were optimized to produce the best flatness ratio, highest cladding efficiency, and the smallest pore area. The errors between the predicted value from the experiment and the actual value for flatness ratio, cladding efficiency and pore area were 1.36%, 6.12% and 7.89% respectively. The accuracy of the model was further validated. The research results provide the theoretical guidance for the controlling and prediction of the quality and efficiency of multi-track laser cladding and the optimization of process parameters.