The work aims to obtain fine grain microstructure of commercial pure Ti by means of friction stir processing (FSP) at low rotation speed, and improve abrasion resistance of the microstructure. Fine grain microstructure was obtained by applying low rate friction stir processing to TA2 commercial pure Ti. Surface microstructure and mechanical properties were characterized by using EBSD technology and microhardness tester. Ball-disc type friction-wear tester was used for friction-wear property test of the samples before and after friction stir processing, and also calculate wear rate. Characteristics of wear traces were analyzed by SEM and EDS. After the friction stir processing, grain size of commercial pure Ti was refined significantly, fraction of low-angle boundary (LAGB) and work-hardening capacity were increased. For the samples treated by friction stir processing, oxidation wear became worse and adhesive wear was reduced. The main wear mechanism changed from adhesive wear and two-body wear to oxidation wear and three-body wear after friction stir processing. Wear rate of friction stir processed Ti at the rotation speed of 180 r/min and traverse speed of 25 mm/min was a quarter of that of untreated Ti. Surface hardness and abrasion resistance are increased by friction stir processing at low rotation speed. Adhesive wear and abrasive wear can be mitigated by smaller grain size and proper work-hardening capacity.