The work aims to simulate improvement of residual tensile stresses in transitional area of the spot continual induction hardening (SCIH) components by establishing shot peening (SP) model. Distribution of residual stresses induced by SIH was measured in the method of X-ray diffraction, and resulting residual stresses were assigned to the SP model as initial residual stresses. The X-ray residual stress test was performed to verify accuracy of SP model-based residual stress prediction. Finally, the verified SP model was used to study improvement effect of SP on initial tensile residual stresses in transitional area and influences of SP parameters on the distribution of residual stresses. The tensile residual stresses in transitional area on the surface were transformed into compressive residual stresses after SP treatment. The difference in residual stress distribution of the model was very small after SP treatment in different residual stress states, which indicated that the residual stresses introduced by the previous process had little effect on the distribution of residual stress after SP. Increase in shot velocity, shot diameter and peening coverage could lead to increase in both compressive residual stresses and depth of compressive residual stresses. However, increase of the two was saturated, which meant that the values changed slightly after reaching a certain level. The maximum tensile residual stress in transitional area is 295 MPa before SP and ?973 MPa after SP, which indicates that SP can improve distribution of tensile residual stresses in the transitional area of SCIH components efficiently.