Surface texturing modification refers to selection of proper processing methods to introduce regular micro-structured patterns (specificshape, dimension, distribution and orientation) on relatively moving surfaces of friction pairs based on physical properties of materials. The surface texturing modification aims to control/improve tribological properties of friction pairs. With the rapid development of biomaterials, tribological problem in biological interfaces is the key factor restricting its service safety and life span. Optimizing parameters of surface texture can significantly increase lubricating performance, which has aroused extensive attention of scientific researchers. In the context of increasing service life demands of biomaterials, the workfirstly analyzed and summerized failure causes of typical biomaterial products-artificial joints in the service process. The causes were divided into tribologicaland biological problems. Surface texturing technology was proposed toimprove wear resistance and enhance biocompatibility of artificial joint materials, and ultimately achieve the aim of long artificial joint service. Research progress of surface texture on biomaterials in recent years was discussed in detail. The effects of surface texturing parameters such as shape, size, and arrangement on the tribological properties were analyzed. The effects of different textures on bearing capacity and wear resistance of friction pairs under different moving conditions were investigated. Friction-reducing and wear-resisting mechanism of the surface texture was described. Last part of the paper discussed the effects of surface texture on growth of cell-contact-guided cells, such as their effects on adhesion state, morphology, proliferation, and differentiation capabilities of the cells. Although the size facilitating cell growth was smaller than the optimal size for lubrication, multi-layered or composite design was expected to achieve improvement of both biocompatibility and tribological performance. Finally, based on the research on surface modification of existing artificial joint materials, research fields, development trend and application fields of prolonging service life of artificial joints were prospected.