The work aims to improve the grinding efficiency and obtain better surface quality of the workpiece. A bidirectional composite vibration (combination of normal ultrasonic vibration perpendicular to the finished surface with tangential vibration parallel to the finished surface of magnetic pole) assisted magnetic abrasive finishing method was proposed to realize the grinding and polishing on the surface of the workpiece. The titanium alloy workpiece was taken as the research object, the grinding experiment under four different conditions was carried out and the test results were compared and analyzed. When bidirectional composite vibration assisted magnetic abrasive finishing method was used to grind the titanium alloy workpiece, the surface roughness of the workpiece decreased from Ra=3.78 μm to Ra=0.36 μm after 60 minutes of grinding. The original processing texture was effectively removed and the surface morphology was better. The residual stress on the surface of the workpiece was transformed from tensile stress to compressive stress. The bidirectional composite vibration assisted magnetic abrasive grinding method can increase the instantaneous grinding pressure of magnetic abrasive particles and improve the grinding efficiency, as well as to promote the rolling and replacement of magnetic abrasive particles. The cutting edge and cutting direction of the magnetic abrasive particles can be changed at any time to ensure the trajectories of the magnetic abrasive particles interlaced with each other and the removal of the surface material of the workpiece more uniform. At the same time, it can improve the stress state of workpiece surface.