The work aims to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces on aluminum alloy substrate in a simple and environmentally-friendly method. The superhydrophobic surfaces were prepared on the substrate aluminum alloy in the method of environmentally-friendly electrochemical etching and air preservation. Microstructure, surface roughness and wettability of the obtained samples were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, roughness tester and optical contact angle meter. Contact angle of water droplets on aluminum alloy increased with the increase of storage time, and superhydrophilic surface obtained by electrochemical etching gradually exhibited superhydrophobic properties, and stabilized after 12 days. The contact angle and rolling angle of the water droplets on aluminum alloy was (152.3±4.5)° and (6.4±2.2)°, respectively. As the electrochemical etching time increased, the surface wettability decreased. Heat treatment could convert the super-hydrophobic surface to super-hydrophilic surface, and the surface restored hydrophobicity after being stored in the air. With neutral environmentally-friendly NaCl solution for test use as electrolyte, harm of the test to human body and environment is greatly reduced. Harmful secondary chemical coating is not used as surface energy modified material, which improves safety of the test and stability of super-hydrophobic surface. Superhydrophobic surface is successfully prepared on the substrate aluminum alloy in the method of environmentally-friendly electrochemical etching and air preservation. The as-prepared surface exhibits good hydrophobic properties.