The work aims to study effects of laser shock processing(LSP) on abrasion resistance of M2 high-speed steel surface. Laser shock treatment was applied to M2 sample with high-power short-pulse intense laser beam. Then longitudinal microhardness on cross section of the sample’s impact zone was measured with a hardness tester. Wear tests were performed to the M2 sample before and after LSP with an abrasion tester. Under the effects of aluminum foil coating and running water constraining layer, M2 high-speed steel sample was treated by laser shock processing, resulting in obviously refined austenite grains in the strengthened layer. A longitudinal microhardness gradient was formed from surface to centre on cross section of M2 sample’s impact zone. A nearly 0.6 mm deep hardened layer was obtained. The maximum surface hardness was up to nearly 70HRC, about 10% higher than that of substrate. After LSP, M2 sample obtained a smoother surface with less grinding marks. The bottom surface of grinding marks was relatively smooth and the furrows’ depth was shallow. The wear amount was smaller and the stable wear stage was prolonged. So LSP improved seizure resistance and abrasion resistance of the sample surface. By laser shock processing, finer grains and higher hardness in M2 high-speed steel’s strengthened layer have effectively improved its surface wear resistance and further improved the cutting performance and service life of M2 high-speed-steel cutter materials.