The work aims to study effects of current density and plating temperature on microstructure and composition of Ni-SiC-MoS2 composite coatings on aluminum alloy. Ni-SiC-MoS2 composite coatings were prepared on aluminum alloy by composite plating. Microstructure, composition, interface bonding and microhardness of the composite coatings at different current density and plating temperature were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and microhardness tester. When the current density was 4 A/dm2, the coatings and substrate were poorly bonded, and the surface of the coatings was rough; when the current density increased to 5 A/dm2, the coatings and the substrate were closely bonded, and the surface of the coatings was smooth; when the current density increased to 6 A/dm2, surface roughness of the coatings became worse. At the plating temperature of 40 ℃, the coatings were thin; at 50 ℃, the coatings and the substrate were well bonded, and the surface of the coatings was smooth; when the plating temperature increased to 60 ℃, cracks appeared at the joint of the coatings and substrate, and the quality of the coatings degraded. Mole fraction of SiC and MoS2 and the microhardness of the coatings first increased and then decreased with the increase of current density and plating temperature. Ni-SiC-MoS2 composite coatings can be prepared on aluminum alloy in the method of composite plating. When the current density is 5 A/dm2 and plating temperature is 50 ℃, the as-prepared composite coatings are smooth and uniform, and mole fraction of SiC and MoS2 reaches 10.40% and 0.77%, respectively. Microhardness of the composite coatings is proportional to SiC content, and can be up to 357.7HV0.01, which is 3.7 times as much as that of the matrix alloy.