Microorganisms are able to drastically accelerate or inhibit corrosion process, which is closely related to biofilm formation. Any inhibitory action developed by microorganisms is the outcome of interaction between biofilm/corrosion products. Microbial corrosion inhibition is rarely linked to a single mechanism or a single species of microorganisms. Firstly, three major mechanisms of microbial corrosion inhibition, namely, consuming oxygen through bacterial respiration, inhibiting corrosion by bacterial secretion, forming protective films on the surface of material, were classified, analyzed and elaborated by referring to examples. Among the three mechanisms, mechanisms of biomineralization corrosion inhibition were discusses emphatically, including biomineralization basis, biomineralization process and role of microorganisms in biomineralization, especially effects of EPS on biomineralization. Key factors influencing film structure and morphology of mineralization products, including bacterial species, biofilm structure and seawater environment, were analyzed emphatically. In addition, some studies at home and abroad aiming to improve corrosion resistance of materials based upon biomineralization were summarized, future development trend was prospected, and three urgent problems were presented.