The work aims to explore effects of different processing technologies on surface integrity of EA4T axles used in high speed trains. For EA4T finished axle surface subject to finish turning (FT) and the surface polished and rolled after FT, surface hardness, surface residual stress, surface microstructure and surface roughness were detected with the Leeb hardness tester, X-ray diffraction residual stress analyzer, scanning electron microscope and 3D optical microscopy. After FT, average roughness of the surface was 221HV, axial and circumferential average residual stress were ?371 MPa and ?231 MPa, respectively. Surface roughness (Ra) was 1.432 μm. However, for the surface being polished and rolled after FT, the hardness of increased by 2.3% and 11.6%, respectively; surface axial residual stress increased by 9.7% and 23.5%, respectively; the circumferential average residual stress increased by 18.6% and 59.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surface roughness (Ra) significantly dropped to 0.442 μm and 0.318 μm, respectively. Rolling and polishing can improve hardness and residual stress level of the axle surface and reduce the surface roughness (Ra). In contrast, rolling has better effects.