Due to cryogenic working environment of transportation for liquefied natural gas (LNG) by LNG ship, AA5083 alloy and outer thermal insulation material were selected. The work aims to build internal structure for liquid cargo maintenance system by means of cryogenic adhesive bonding, which not only guarantees basic strength requirement but also reduces production cost. Sand blasting and anodizing treatment were applied to the AA5083 alloy, surface properties including morphology, surface roughness, surface energy and contact angle with cryogenic adhesive were characterized. Meanwhile, single lap shear mechanical properties were tested at 25, 0, ?60 and ?120 ℃, respectively to reveal effects of different surface treatment methods on bonding strength of AA5083/cryogenic adhesive. Compared with the original AA5083 alloy specimen, surface roughness of the aluminum alloy subject to surface treatment increased, surface energy increased, contact angle with cryogenic adhesive reduced and bonding strength improved significantly. Bonding strength of the anodized specimen reached to the maximum, 29.80 MPa at 0 ℃, 128.18% higher than that of the original specimen, 29.90% higher than that of specimen subject to sand blasting. Combined with results of surface properties characterization and single lap shear test at low temperature, both sand blasting and anodizing can improve bonding strength between AA5083 alloy and cryogenic adhesive. Moreover, the anodized AA5083 alloy exhibits better overall performance.