The work aims to prolong service life of cutters by exploring wear mechanism of PCD cutters. Orthogonal experiment was designed to study effects of cutting marble provided with different processing parameters on abrasion of cutters. Law of influence of spindle speed, feed rate and cutting depth on abrasion loss of PCD cutters was analyzed to reduce abrasion loss of PCD cutters by optimizing cutting parameters. Then a model of abrasion loss of PCD cutters and fixed stroke abrasion loss in unit time was established based on empirical formula. Abrasion grade of cutters was given based on records of cutter vibration during the tests and actual abrasion loss of cutters. Increase of spindle speed could reduce abrasion loss while that of feeding speed would intensify abrasion loss. It had slight effect on abrasion loss when cutting depth was below 1 mm. However, increase of the cutting depth would lead to rapid abrasion of cutters when cutting depth was over 1 mm. The prediction model could predict abrasion of cutters well. The abrasion was the most serious when cutters resonated with machine tools according to abrasion grade, hence obvious furrow, abrasion and falling off of diamond particles were observed on the surface of cutters. During actual processing, durability of cutters can be enhanced by improving spindle speed, reducing feeding speed and decreasing cutting depth. Abrasion of cutters can be effectively reduced by avoiding resonant cutting parameters, better cutting effects and minimum abrasion loss are obtained at the spindle speed of 12000 r/min, feed rate of 500 mm/min and cutting depth of 0.5 mm.