The work aims to improve wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy. Pasty mixed powder was prepared at a proper ratio of TiB2:TiC (1:3) and adding Y2O3 rare earth oxide in different mass fractions. Wear resistant composite coating was prepared by laser cladding Y2O3-doped TiB2 and TiC powder on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy using 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser. Microstructure and composition of the laser cladding layers were analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD); microhardness of the laser cladding layer was measured with Vickers hardness tester; and wear resistance was tested with universal friction and wear tester. After 4% Y2O3 was added, grain size of the middle structure was greatly refined; microstructure of the bonding zone was transformed from compact structure to reticular whisker structure; maximum microhardness of the cladding layer was 1404.6HV0.2, 3.7 times as high as that of TC4 substrate; wear loss of the cladding layer decreased by 66.67%, and the friction coefficient decreased remarkably. Wear resistance of the laser cladded TiC/TiB composite cladding coating on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy can be improved significantly by adding 4% Y2O3.