Aluminum alloys are widely used in various fields due to their excellent performances, a series of method were used to fabricate various kinds of micro/nano-structures on aluminum alloys surface. The improvement of the tribological properties, corrosion resistance, interfacial adhesion, anti-icing and decoration property was of great significance which made aluminum alloys can be applied in more broader and high demanding environments. This article classifies and summarizes some important methods for fabricating micro/nano structures on aluminum alloys surface. Chemical etching could fabricate the labyrinthic structure with pits and plateaus; anodic oxidation could form a high ordered porous structure; micro-arc oxidation could construct a rough structure with micro pores; hydrothermal method could fabricate various kinds of nano-flower structure; electrochemical machining could copy the structures on cathode, tailoring different area ratio cathode and anode could prepare a large-area film. This work also described the growth process of the micro/nano-structures and analyzed the influences of temperature, time, current density, composition and concentration of electrolyte on the surface morphologies of aluminum alloys. We summarized the influence factor and research status importantly. Based on the existing analysis of the fabrication of micro/nano structures on aluminum alloys, their future research priorities are also prospected.