The work aims to improve the wear resistance of 30SiMn2MoVA steel surface. The surface of 30SiMn2MoVA steel was bombarded for different pulse times by means of high current pulsed electron beam technique. The wear and microhardness of the samples were analyzed before and after surface modification. The surface microhardness increased as macroscopic residual stress was generated after grain refinement. The microhardness reached the peak and increased by 39.6% compared with that of the original sample after receiving pulses treatment for 30 times. The abrasion loss decreased with the increase of pulse times, and the surface wear resistance doubled compared with that of the original samples after being treated by high current pulsed electron beam. The wear resistance reached the peak after receiving pulses treatment for 30 times. The wear resistance of 30SiMn2MoVA steel surface increases when the high current pulsed electron beam technique is applied.