The work aims to study influence of different surface states on plastic deformation localization of WaspaloyTM Ni-base superalloy, and determine optimal three-dimensional surface roughness parameters of evaluating plastic stress localization. WaspaloyTM nickel-base superalloy was polished to 0.02 μm, and then electrolytic polishing and chemical etching were carried out respectively to obtain two different surface states. Fatigue life was obtained by performing fatigue test to standard sample fabricated for this purpose, and surface morphology and crack initiation of WaspaloyTM nickel-base superalloy were investigated by using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 3D surface profiler. Quality of the electrolytic polished surface was better. 3D surface roughness Sa (surface arithmetic mean deviation) was 0.001 μm and 0.018 μm respectively, and 0.024 μm and 0.026 μm respectively after the fatigue test. The surface roughness Sp (surface maximum peak height) was 0.131 μm. Fatigue life of the sample subject to chemical etching and electrochemical polishing was 800 and 700 respectively. The fatigue cracks on the sample subject to chemical etching and electrochemical polishing started from the slip bands and extended along the slip bands. The initial surface state has affects fatigue life of the material; three dimensional surface roughness parameter Sp is the best description of material fatigue plastic deformation localization, of which critical value reveals the crack initiation of the material.