The work aims to review various methods of improving wear resistance of soil cultivation components. Engineering technology of surface treatment such as surfacing technology, coating wear-resistant materials and thermal spraying technology can be applied to deposit a wear-resistant layer on parts and components made of common base materials, protecting the parts in case of wear, and providing good wear resistance for the parts and components. Due to repeatability of the surface coating, surface treatment engineering technology could be utilized to repair soil-engaging components subject to minor wear, enhance utilization rate of the products and reduce loss of iron and steel resources. Both laser surface hardening treatment and high energy ion implantation could change crystal structure of soil-engaging components on agricultural machinery, so as to improve wear resistance of the products. After years of evolution, organisms in nature could well adapt to the natural environment. Bionic components developed in accordance with bionics theory with outline structure of organisms as model can effectively reduce rate of soil adhesion and achieve the effect of reducing adhesion and resistance, thus reduce abrasion loss of the parts and components, and increase abrasion resistance of the products indirectly. Studies of seals, sharks and other biological surfaces showed that non smooth surfaces had better effect of adhesion and resistance reduction than smooth surfaces. Providing non smooth surface for parts and components can greatly improve wear resistance of parts.