Study on high temperature corrosion resistance of alloy materials occupies an important position in the development of advanced supercritical thermal power unit. With the increase of boiler temperature, high temperature corrosion is increasingly a major constraint on service life of alloy materials. Based on the three major high temperature alloy materials of supercritical boiler (heat-resistant ferritic steel, heat-resistant austenite steel, nickel-base superalloy), the common materials used in supercritical boiler and corresponding studies on high temperature corrosion were reviewed. The effects of environment (SO2 atmosphere, KCl vapor, Na2SO4 melt salt, NaCl melt salt), alloy element and boiler temperature on high temperature corrosion were included as well. Previous study results were analyzed and compared by summarizing morphology, construction and elements distribution of corrosion products. As a result, most alloy corrosion products were found to be subject to delamination phenomenon, and the alternate process of oxidation and sulfuration led to the penetration of S element and porous structure looseness of corrosion product. The corrosion mechanisms from generation to accelerated corrosion were discussed, and the different types of high temperature corrosion were categorized (pyrosulfate corrosion, composite sulfate corrosion and chloride corrosion). Finally, the development trend of studies on the high temperature corrosion in supercritical boiler was forecasted.