With the increase of train speed as well as passenger and freight volume, high-speed rail track is inevitably required to provide higher level of security, reliability and smoothness than ordinary lines. In order to guarantee these requirements of track structure, mechanical properties, usability and overall structural performance of the various track components shall be much higher than that of ordinary track components. However, a lot of problems are still present in the high-speed railway track. Currently, wheel/rail contact fatigue is the most common problem in the wheel-rail issues. Many domestic and foreign scholars have made efforts in study such problem. Locomotive wheel/rail contact fatigue is caused by various factors. Some common existing forms of wheel-rail contact fatigue damage were pointed out in this article. Meanwhile, influence factors of the rolling contact fatigue were briefly analyzed. In order to study the fatigue damage generation&development mechanism and influence factors, generation&development mechanism of various common damages were understood by referring to mass data. In addition, the research directions and focuses in this field were introduced and existing technical problems in current high-speed railway construction were put forward as well. By combining failure mode with wear characteristics, specific measures were further put forward to prevent and reduce steel rail contact fatigue from aspects including impact of materials on tread, impact of high speed and heavy load on the wheel/rail contact fatigue, lubricants on wheel/rail crack growth.