The work aims to improve the tribological performance of the surface of 45# steel under dry friction. The 45# steel surface was chemically textured by solution of FeCl3 and HCl. Then the textured surface was burnished by solid lubricant MoS2 to create a composite lubricating film. Friction and wear tests were taken to evaluate anti-wear properties of the textured surface and composite lubricating film. The grinding cracks were analyzed by SEM. There were uniform micro-pits and micro-pores on the surface of 45# steel after chemical texturing. The surface roughness Ra was increased to 0.89 μm. As compared to the non-textured sample, the friction coefficient of the surface after chemical etching decreased 23%, and the course of friction became more stable. The phenomenon might result from capture of wear debris by the micro-pits and micro-pores above-mentioned, and then the abrasive wear of particles was significantly reduced. Compared with the samples not burnished by MoS2, the friction coefficient of the chemically textured sample with MoS2 lubricating film was significantly decreased to about 0.1. The friction durability was also prolonged apparently. In the same time, the width of wear scratch became narrower. This was mainly due to the effective lubrication conducted by the solid lubricant stored in micro-pits and micro-pores after the chemical etching and brought into the friction zone by the coupled parts in the process of friction. In conclusion, the tribological performance of the surface of 45# steel can be improved to some degree by chemical texturing. The composite lubricating film formed by applying MoS2 can remarkably reduce the friction coefficient of 45# steel surface and prolong its friction durability at the same time.