Objective To refine the Cr phase structure of CuCr50 and improve the uniformity of the microstructure. Methods CuCr50 alloys were treated by Nd:YAG pulsed laser, and the microstructure (surface microstructure and cross-section microstructure), phase, electrical conductivity, microhardness and wear resistance of the alloy were investigated and analyzed after the laser treatment. Results Experimental parameters of process optimization were: laser power 500 W, peak 5.0 kW, scanning speed 4 mm/s, laser frequency 6 Hz, laser pulsed width 5 ms, defocus amount +4 mm. Under the optimized process conditions, dense remelting layer was formed, the size of Cr particles was significantly reduced, the structural homogeneity was improved, the hole was reduced after treatment; The phase composition of the remelting layer were not changed, the electrical conductivity was slightly decreased, but the remelting layer still maintained an excellent conductive performance; Microhardness of the remelting layer（425~540HV） was obviously improved, the maximum reached 540HV, which was 2.25 times of the substrate （about 240HV） . The friction coefficient of the remelting layer (0.3) was much lower than the original CuCr50 alloys (0.45), the weight lost of remelting layer (0.15 mg) was much lower than the original CuCr50 alloys (0.6 mg), and the wear resistance of the alloy had an obvious improvement. Conclusion CuCr50 alloy could be refined, the microhardness and wear resistance could be improved by laser surface treatment under the condition of optimized process parameters.