Objective To investigate the effects of impact methods and surface geometric parameters of aircraft corroded parts on residual stress field of the target damaged surface by shot peening. Methods Glass beads and 7075 corrosion damaged civil aircraft structural parts were taken as the research objects, the Abaqus software was adopted and the finite element model of the multiple and random impacts was established. The residual stress fields under the conditions of different impact methods, fixed impact directions and fixed impact incidence angles, and different surface geometric parameters of the damaged parts were obtained. The verified experiments were carried out. Results A nearly uniform residual stress field on the target surface could be achieved by the impact method of fixed impact incidence angle, and the stresses disparities on different regions of the damaged surface existed obviously under the condition of fixed impact direction. Conclusion When the other parameters were invariant, the smaller the incidence angle of impact, the lager the compressive residual stresses on the target surface. It is better to impact the target surface along its normal direction. A smooth damaged transitional surface should be formed during clearing the corrosion of the parts before shot peening.