The poor binding capacity between biomedical titanium alloy implant and osteoblasts is one of the difficult problems in medical field. Surface topography, as an important factor, affects the biocompatibility of the implant, which attracts the widespread attention of researchers. The state-of-the-art of micro-nanostructure on implant was presented in this paper, and the specific conditions for preparation of micron structure, nanostructure and hierarchical micro/nanostructure on implant were introduced, as well as the effect on biocompatibility. The summary showed that the implant surface with suitable micron or nano structure had positive effect on cell behavior, and could increase its biological activity and biocompatibility. Implant with mul-ti-level surface structure had synergistic effect of micron structure and nanostructure compared to a single micron structure or nanostructure surface, which significantly improved the osseointegration. Finally, aiming at some problems or shortcomings in the research of medical titanium alloy implant, the research trend of structure surface on implant was proposed.