Objective To improve the microhardness and microstructure of composite coatings on titanium alloys prepared by laser cladding, in order to enable its wide application in corresponding fields. Methods In-situ reaction synthesized L2O3-TiB reinforced titanium matrix composites were fabricated using rapid non-equilibrium synthesis techniques of laser cladding. L2O3-TiB/ Ti composite coating was fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V surface using L2O3, Ti and B powder mixture by laser cladding. XRD spectrum, SEM morphology observation and Hardness test of the in situ synthesized Y2O3-TiB/ Ti composite coatings were investigated. Results The coatings containing different amounts of L2O3 were well bonded with the substrate, and there were only α-Ti and TiB phases in the coatings. With the increase of La2O3 content, the TiB morphology became more uniform and the grain size became finer in the composite coatings. The microhardness values of the composite coatings prepared by laser cladding were 2 ~3 times higher than that of the substrate material. The composite coatings with 3wt. % L2O3 content had the highest hardness of about 1300HV. Conclusion The laser cladding titanium alloy composite coatings bonded well with the substrate, and the addition of L2O3 powder could improve the microhardness of composite coatings, and fine-grained matrix microstructure was formed in the composite coatings.