CO2 and H2S are the major corrosion mediums in oil and gas pipeline currently, often exist in both crude oil and natural gas. Their presence is one of the main reasons that causes internal corrosion in oil and gas pipelines, and even lead to pipeline failure, perforations, leaks and cracks. It’s a serious threat to the safe operation of the pipeline network and normal production. So pipeline corrosion problems caused by CO2 and H2S, has become a hot issue of current research. For the growing oil and gas pipeline corrosion problems caused by CO2 and H2S, the corrosion behavior of oil and gas pipelines in CO2 alone, H2S alone and the co-presence of CO2 and H2S system was systematically compared in this paper. The regularity and mechanism of pipeline corrosion behavior in these three corrosion systems was obtained. And the technology was listed, such as corrosion inhibitor, resisting corrosion pipe, electrochemical corrosion technology and pipe coating corrosion protection technology and other advanced technology. And analyzed these protective measures their own characteristics, advantages and limitations in practical use, prospected the outlook about further research directions in CO2 and H2S co-existence system as well as more economical and effective anti-corrosion measures.