SiO2 aerogel is a kind of solid material with three-dimensional network structure, which has low density, low thermal conductivity, high transmittance, high porosity and high specific surface area as well as the character of fire prevention and waterproof, etc. Therefore, it is a rare lightweight, multifunctional and environmental protection material, which especially has a broad application prospect in the field of building thermal insulation. In this paper, the building energy efficiency was the target. The researches of SiO2 aerogel were briefly reviewed. The possibility of its mass production application was discussed from the aspects of variation of preparation of raw materials species and the cost reduction of raw materials and drying. And the paper mainly focused on the application research progress of heat preservation and heat insulation in construction using SiO2 aerogel glass, SiO2 aerogel insulation coatings, SiO2 aerogel fiber composites and SiO2 aerogel materials such as concrete and mortar. Then in view of its excellent properties, the idea of application of SiO2 aerogel material in building energy efficiency technology was put forward. The advantages of SiO2 aerogel materials in thermal insulation, waterproof, fire prevention performance and simplify the construction technology and so on were discussed. The building energy conservation system was built by using SiO2 aerogel material to replace the current building thermal insulation materials. Finally, the application prospect of SiO2 aerogel materials in the building heat preservation and heat insulation was proposed.