Objective To improve the microstructure properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys. Methods In this paper, the surface of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy was treated by centrifugal grinding process. The microhardness, residual stress and microstructure of specimen surface were analyzed by using microhardness tester, X-ray stress analyzer and metallographic microscope. Results The test results showed that when the processing was completed, the microhardness got increased, the microhardness on the sample presented a gradually increasing trend with the extension of processing time, when the processing time reached 40 min, the microhardness reached a maximum of 385 HV, improved by 55 HV than the sample matrix‘s microhardness. In the direction of processing depth, the microhardness value gradually reduced with the increase of depth. At the depth of 400 μm, the microhardness value no longer decreased, and was close to the matrix microhardness. The residual stress was generated on the surface of workpiece after processing and the maximum residual stress was 436 MPa. The microstructure analysis results showed that the workpiece surface tissue produced severe plastic deformation layers, the depth of which was about 40 μm, the grain was fined obviously within the deformation layer. Conclusion The centrifugal grinding process significantly improved the microstructure properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and validated the feasibility of this processing for strengthening the surface of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy.