With the rapid development of petroleum and gas industry, the corrosion problem of oil gas tubing caused by acidic gas becomes increasingly prominent, especially the H2S corrosion phenomenon is widespread, which affects the service life of pipelines of oil and gas exploitation and transportation as well as the refining processing equipment. This paper systematically summarized the mechanism, main influencing factors and protection methods of H2S corrosion of oil gas tubing, and the effects of temperature, H2S partial pressure, PH, flow rate and concentration of Cl-, CO2 partial pressure as well as pipe materials on H2S corrosion were also discussed. H2S corrosion rate prediction model was established and analyzed. Protection methods against H2S corrosion were reviewed as well. Finally, this paper briefly described the current research situation and development trend of H2S corrosion.