Objective To study the effects of test piece surface roughness and fractal dimension on the ice adhesion strength. Methods The different surface microstructure samples were prepared by the process of chemical etching and fluorine silane modifying on bare aluminum surface. Surface roughness and fractal dimension of the samples were obtained by measuring surface micro-structure, and surface ice adhesion strength of the samples was measured using ice adhesion strength experimental device. Results The relationship between roughness and adhesion strength was y=1. 0966x+51. 816 (hydrophilic surface),and y=-0. 67x+74. 98 (hydrophobic surface); the relationship between fractal dimension and adhesion strength was y=-146. 6z+493. 5(hydrophilic surface), y=95. 45z-209. 9(hydrophobic surface). Conclusion The ice adhesion strength of hydrophilic surfaces increased with the increasing roughness, and decreased with the increasing fractal dimension, while the hydrophobic surfaces showed the opposite changing trends. There was strong linear relationship between the ice adhesion strength and roughness and fractal dimension. For samples withthe same surface roughness, the ice adhesion strength decreased after fluorinated silane modification, and the greater the surface roughness, the more the ice adhesion strength decreased.