Objective To improve the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy, especially the wear resistance. Methods Self-lubricating ceramic layers were prepared by the micro-arc oxidation technology on the surface of aluminum alloy. The electrolytic parameters for improving the comprehensive performance of the micro-arc oxidized ceramic membrane on the aluminum alloy and the role of graphite in the micro-arc oxidation of aluminum alloy were explored by analyzing the effects of electrolytic parameters (current density, frequency ratio, energy level ratio) on the wear resistance of the micro-arc oxidized ceramic membrane and the influences of graphite addition on the thickness of ceramic membrane, surface morphology, phase composition, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Results The optimal electrolytic parameters were determined. Graphite addition could not only decrease the friction coefficient of the micro-arc oxidized ceramic membrane on the aluminum alloy, but also improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy. Conclusion With self-lubricating property and ultrahigh electric conductivity, graphite could promote the membrane forming reaction during the micro-arc oxidation of aluminum alloy, increase the thickness of the ceramic layer and smooth the surface morphology of the as-obtained aluminum alloy.