医用硅胶管表面润滑与抗菌功能化改性的研究进展

李冰; 张国发; 孙倩倩; 王利涛; 吕美

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.20.016

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (20) : 229-242. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.20.016

功能表面及技术

医用硅胶管表面润滑与抗菌功能化改性的研究进展

李冰, 张国发, 孙倩倩, 王利涛, 吕美^*

作者信息 +

Review on Surface Lubrication and Antibacterial Modification of Medical Silicone Tubes

LI Bing, ZHANG Guofa,SUN Qianqian, WANG Litao, LYU Mei^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

医用硅胶管在临床应用中面临两大界面问题：一是表面摩擦系数高,插入/拔出时易造成组织损伤;二是细菌易在表面定植并形成生物膜,引发难治性感染。因此,在导管表面构建兼具润滑与抗菌功能的界面,成为医疗器械表面工程领域的研究热点。本文系统综述了医用硅胶管表面润滑与抗菌功能化改性的研究进展。在润滑改性方面,重点阐述了表面理化性质调控、水合润滑界面构筑及仿生润滑结构设计3种策略,由于稳定的水合润滑层,让水凝胶涂层展现出良好的应用前景,其中受猪笼草结构启发的润滑剂注入表面,其摩擦系数可降至极低水平。在抗菌改性方面,总结了被动抗黏附界面、主动杀菌界面及智能响应界面三大类设计思路,对它们的作用机制与适用场景进行了分析。在此基础上,又总结了润滑-抗菌协同功能表面的主要集成方式,包括物理屏障与化学释放协同、多功能组分整合及材料结构优化等方式,并介绍了动物实验中的初步验证结果。最后,说明了当前面临的主要问题是长效稳定性、耐药性风险、规模化制备这三方面,并提出医用硅胶管的未来应该向着智能化、集成化的多功能涂层方向发展,从而为实现“低损伤、零感染”的理想医疗器械界面提供技术指导。

Abstract

Medical silicone tubes are extensively applied in clinical drainage, catheterization and vascular access owing to their superior biocompatibility and mechanical performance. Nevertheless, their intrinsic hydrophobicity gives rise to high friction resistance during insertion and extraction, which easily induces tissue injury and patient discomfort. In addition, the hydrophobic surface tends to promote bacterial adhesion and biofilm development, further triggering intractable catheter-associated infections. Therefore, developing surface modification strategies with integrated lubrication and antibacterial functions has emerged as a research hotspot in the field of medical device surface engineering.
Three primary approaches have been established to reduce surface friction. Firstly, physicochemical surface regulation techniques including plasma treatment, ion implantation, and vapor deposition enable the construction of low-friction, wear-resistant functional layers. Secondly, hydration lubrication interfaces, typically realized through hydrogel coatings or zwitterionic polymer brushes, form stable hydrated layers that achieve interfacial superlubrication with coefficients of friction as low as 0.01-0.05. Thirdly, bioinspired lubrication structures such as lubricant-infused surfaces and organohydrogel arrays, inspired by the micro/nano architectures of intestinal villi, articular cartilage, and pitcher plants have achieved coefficients of friction as low as approximately 0.008 5.
Antibacterial surface designs fall into three categories. Passive anti-adhesion interfaces prevent initial bacterial attachment through physicochemical means, including hydrophilic/charged hydration layers, superhydrophobic surfaces, and liquid-infused layers. Active bactericidal interfaces directly kill bacteria via release of antibacterial agents (e.g. silver ions, copper ions, nitric oxide), contact active molecules (e.g. antimicrobial peptides, quaternary ammonium salts), or physical mechanisms such as photothermal and piezoelectric effects. Smart responsive interfaces enable on-demand release of antibacterial components in response to microenvironmental cues such as pH or enzymatic activity, offering precise antibacterial control with reduced risk of drug resistance.
To achieve synergistic functionality of lubrication-antibacterial coatings, three integration strategies have been explored: (1) physical barrier combined with chemical release, where a lubricious outer layer controls the release of embedded antibacterial agents; (2) multifunctional component integration, incorporating both lubricious and antibacterial moieties within a single coating matrix; and (3) structural optimization of the coating architecture to balance the often conflicting requirements of lubrication and antimicrobial efficacy. Preliminary in vivo evaluations have demonstrated the potential of these integrated systems.
Despite significant progress, several challenges remain. Long-term stability under dynamic physiological conditions, the risk of bacterial resistance, and the scalability of fabrication processes are the primary obstacles to clinical translation. Future developments are likely to focus on intelligent, integrated multifunctional coatings featuring responsiveness to multiple stimuli (pH, temperature, enzymes), self-healing capabilities, and infection-sensing drug release, to realize the goal of "minimal trauma and zero infection" in indwelling medical devices.

导出引用

李冰, 张国发, 孙倩倩, 王利涛, 吕美. 医用硅胶管表面润滑与抗菌功能化改性的研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(20): 229-242

LI Bing, ZHANG Guofa, SUN Qianqian, WANG Litao, LYU Mei. Review on Surface Lubrication and Antibacterial Modification of Medical Silicone Tubes[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(20): 229-242

中图分类号： TQ316.6

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