水气净化用超浸润性颗粒滤料研究进展

袁璐含; 孔平平; 杨洋; 季延正; 张友法

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.20.014

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (20) : 182-200. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.20.014

功能表面及技术

水气净化用超浸润性颗粒滤料研究进展

袁璐含¹, 孔平平¹, 杨洋¹, 季延正^2,*, 张友法^1,*

作者信息 +

Progress in Granular Filter Media with Superwettability for Water and Air Purification

YUAN Luhan¹, KONG Pingping¹, YANG Yang¹, JI Yanzheng^2,*, ZHANG Youfa^1,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

针对日益严峻的水体与大气环境污染挑战,颗粒滤料凭借界面吸附与物理截留作用,在水体与大气净化领域得以广泛应用。然而,传统颗粒滤料的分离效能从根本上受制于其本征的表面润湿特性,在处理复杂流体时常面临严重的界面污染及分离精度受限等瓶颈。近年来,表面工程技术的快速发展实现了对材料润湿性的有效调控,成为增强其分离净化性能的重要手段。本文通过构建不同材料体系与应用场景的系统性分析框架,综述了近年来无机质、生物质及多孔质三大类颗粒滤料超浸润表面设计的最新研究进展。同时,重点阐释了润湿性调控在强化污染物捕集效率、提升界面分离精度及赋予滤料长效抗污性等方面的微观作用机制;并系统回顾了该类材料在废水净化（如复杂乳化液分离）、废气治理（如高湿环境下的VOCs/NO_x捕集）及油气田开发（如水力压裂支撑剂）等多相分离场景中的工程化应用探索。在此基础上,本文剖析了该领域面临的关键技术限制,包括宏量制备的经济可行性、极端工况下的结构稳定性以及多污染物协同去除的复杂性。展望未来,突破规模化制造的技术壁垒、进一步构建多污染物协同去除复合体系,以及深入探明多尺度传质与多相耦合调控机制,将是推动超浸润颗粒滤料从实验室走向工业化应用的核心方向。

Abstract

In response to the increasingly severe challenges of water and atmospheric pollution, granular filter media have been widely applied in the field of water and atmospheric purification due to their interfacial adsorption and physical retention capabilities. However, their practical performance has long been limited by their intrinsic surface wettability. In recent years, surface engineering technology has been advanced rapidly. These advances have enabled the effective regulation of surface wettability, thereby addressing the critical separation limitations. Novel granular filter media with superwettability have been extensively explored, and the targeted separation and purification performance in complex fluids has been significantly enhanced. In this review, a unified framework that correlates surface design, wettability regulation, and separation performance of superwetting granular filter media across diverse material systems and application scenarios is provided. Furthermore, the microscopic mechanisms are systematically discussed to elucidate how the regulation of wettability enhances pollutant capture efficiency, interfacial separation precision, and long-term anti-fouling properties.
Starting from the classification of granular filter media, including inorganic, biomass-derived, and porous materials, the recent research progress on superwetting surface design is critically discussed. Inorganic filter media are represented by quartz sand, serpentine, and silicon carbide. Researchers utilize techniques like dip-coating to graft hydrophilic or hydrophobic coatings, which effectively overcome defects such as insufficient separation efficiency, severe oil fouling, and particle aggregation. Biomass-derived media include coconut shells and walnut shells, which have inherent hierarchical roughness and abundant active functional groups. Therefore, even simple mechanical crushing could achieve sustainable and efficient separation layers with minimal processing requirements. For porous media, particularly activated carbon, various hydrophobic modification methods (e.g., organosilicon coating, chemical vapour deposition, and monolayer silanisation) are employed. These modification methods efficiently suppress the competitive adsorption of water molecules, thereby enabling selective adsorption performance even under high-humidity conditions.
Based on these three major material categories, the specific engineering applications in multi-phase separation scenarios such as wastewater purification, industrial waste gas treatment, and oil-gas field development are systematically investigated. In wastewater purification, the application of superwettable granular filter media achieves robust and continuous separation performance in the treatment of complex emulsified oily wastewater (both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions) and multi-component dyeing effluents containing microplastics or organic dyes. In industrial waste gas treatment, the enhanced capacity of activated carbon for the selective capture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) in challenging, moisture-rich environments is extensively demonstrated and validated. Moreover, the innovative application of quartz sand in oilfield production as a proppant for hydraulic fracturing is highlighted, demonstrating that hydrophobic modifications can effectively reduce water friction during injection, selectively inhibit early water breakthrough, and maintain stable oil conductivity even under extremely high closure pressures.
Finally, the current technical bottlenecks of this rapidly evolving field are clearly identified, indicating the future development direction. However, challenges including the economic viability of large-scale preparation, structural stability under extreme environments, and the complexity of the synergistic removal of multiple pollutants still exist. In the future, the critical technical barriers of scalable manufacturing for industrial-grade granular media are expected to be overcome. Based on this, multi-pollutant synergistic removal composite systems capable of simultaneous degradation might be further developed. The development will gradually move towards the in-depth clarification of multi-scale mass transfer and multi-phase coupling regulation mechanisms. This will potentially facilitate the transition of superwetting granular filter media from laboratory-scale research to widespread industrial application.

导出引用

袁璐含, 孔平平, 杨洋, 季延正, 张友法. 水气净化用超浸润性颗粒滤料研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(20): 182-200

YUAN Luhan, KONG Pingping, YANG Yang, JI Yanzheng, ZHANG Youfa. Progress in Granular Filter Media with Superwettability for Water and Air Purification[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(20): 182-200

中图分类号： TB34

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