目的 改善铣削加工的Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn合金综合性能及细胞黏附性较差的问题,提升其表面性能与生物服役性能,拓展其在医疗骨植入领域的应用。方法 采用磁针磁力研磨技术对Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn合金进行表面处理,通过设计四因素四水平正交试验,结合硬度试验、表面粗糙度试验及电化学试验筛选最优研磨参数组合。同时通过细胞毒性试验、细胞黏附性试验、抑菌性能测试及涂层附着力表征,评估研磨后镁合金的生物服役性能。结果 最优研磨参数为：磁针尺寸Φ1.5 mm×10 mm、磁针装载量为0.5 kg、磁场转速为1 800 r/min、研磨时间为10 min。在此参数下,试样表面硬度提升了14.38HV,表面粗糙度Sa增至2.085 μm,腐蚀速率降低了9.494 mm/a。磁力研磨后的试样细胞毒性等级为1级,细胞相对存活率大于90%,细胞黏附性增强。该工艺可有效调控抑菌时效特性。涂层附着力由铣削态5级提升至0级。结论 磁针磁力研磨技术通过塑性变形强化、加工硬化及引入残余应力来改善Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn合金表面性能,最优工艺参数下的研磨处理能同步优化合金表面性能、生物安全性、抑菌时效、生物相容性及涂层附着力,为镁合金在医用骨植入领域的推广应用提供理论支持。
Abstract
This study aims to address the limitations of milled Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn alloy for biomedical applications, specifically the issues of poor surface quality, inadequate cell adhesion, and limited comprehensive performance. By optimizing the parameters of magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) using a four-factor, four-level orthogonal experimental design, the research investigates and systematically improves the alloy's surface properties and biological service performance to expand its potential application in bone implants. Magnetic abrasive finishing is a high-precision surface processing technique that utilizes a magnetic field to align and control magnetic abrasives, creating a flexible "magnetic brush" that effectively removes surface defects and enhances surface quality through controlled micro-cutting and plastic deformation. In this study, key parameters including magnetic abrasive size, abrasive loading, magnetic field rotational speed, and processing time were systematically varied and optimized. Hardness tests, surface roughness measurements, and electrochemical corrosion tests were performed to select the optimal MAF parameter combination. The results showed that the best surface characteristics were achieved with a magnetic abrasive size of Φ1.5 mm×10 mm, loading of 0.5 kg, field rotational speed of 1 800 r/min, and processing time of 10 minutes. Under these conditions, the surface hardness increased, the roughness was significantly reduced, and the corrosion rate decreased notably. Beyond surface quality, the biological performance of the alloy was evaluated. Cytotoxicity tests indicated that the MAF-treated Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn samples exhibited over 90% cell viability in various extract dilutions and incubation times, corresponding to a cytotoxicity grade of 1 or better, thus meeting biomedical safety standards. Cell adhesion analysis found that cells on the MAF-processed surface displayed superior adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared with those on milled samples. The enhancement of cell compatibility was attributed to the removal of machining defects, reduction in surface roughness, and formation of a denser, more uniform oxide film, which collectively provided a favorable microenvironment for cell activity. Antibacterial performance was also assessed by testing E. coli survival rates. Both milled and MAF-treated alloys showed significant antibacterial effects, surpassing 60% inhibition at 36 hours. Milled samples exhibited stronger initial antibacterial activity due to rapid surface corrosion and alkaline environment generation, yet this sometimes resulted in adverse tissue reactions in clinical settings. In contrast, the MAF-processed surface's enhanced passivation layer produced a milder, sustained antibacterial effect, which was more suitable for clinical applications. Importantly, magnetic abrasive finishing did not weaken the alloy's intrinsic antibacterial property but effectively regulated its release profile and temporal efficacy. Coating adhesion was another critical property for biomedical magnesium alloys. The test results revealed that MAF enhanced the interface bonding strength, with the adhesion rating improved from grade 5 (milled) to grade 0 (MAF-polished), thereby validating MAF as a superior pretreatment strategy for subsequent polymer coating applications. In conclusion, magnetic abrasive finishing offers significant improvements in the surface quality, corrosion resistance, antibacterial performance, cytocompatibility, and coating adhesion of Mg-1.6Ca-2.0Zn alloys. The process achieves these enhancements through mechanically induced hardening, grain refinement, and the introduction of residual compressive stresses, providing theoretical and practical support for the further application of biomedical magnesium alloy in bone implant technology.
关键词
医用镁合金 /
磁力磁针研磨工艺 /
正交试验 /
细胞毒性 /
抑菌性 /
涂层附着力
Key words
medical magnesium alloy /
magnetic needle polishing process /
orthogonal experiment /
cytotoxicity /
bactericidal activity /
coating adhesion
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基金
山东省自然科学基金（ZR2023ME077,ZR2023MC140）; 济南大学2024年学科交叉会聚建设项目（XKJC-202406）
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