目的 采用激光熔覆技术在Q235碳素钢表面制备CoCrFeNiMo0.5高熵合金/TiC复合涂层,系统比较添加不同质量分数Nb对复合涂层组织与性能的影响。方法 通过XRD（X射线衍射仪）对涂层进行了物相分析,并结合吉布斯自由能解释了物相形成机制;利用SEM（扫描电镜）/EDS（能谱仪）对涂层显微组织进行了分析;采用维氏硬度计、摩擦磨损机系统评估涂层的力学与摩擦磨损性能。结果 当Nb的添加量（质量分数）低于5%时,涂层形成无规则晶体结构,涂层的性能主要受TiC的影响。当Nb的质量分数高于5%时,激光熔池中原位生成NbC增强相,Nb的强碳化物形成性质改变了复合涂层相组成和形貌,涂层的晶体结构由表面至界面,依次为棉絮状晶体演变为柱状晶和胞晶共存,最后转变为均匀且细化的胞晶。摩擦磨损结果显示,当Nb的质量分数为7.5%时样品的磨痕深度为25 μm,摩擦系数和磨损率分别为0.589和0.15×10-5 mm3/(N∙m),耐磨性得到了明显提升。结论 在CoCrFeNiMo0.5高熵合金/TiC复合涂层中添加强碳化物形成元素Nb能有效提升涂层的力学性能,当TiC的添加量（质量分数）为10%,Nb的添加量（质量分数）为7.5%时,复合涂层的力学性能达到最佳值。该研究工作表明,添加强碳化物形成元素Nb可以显著改善高熵合金复合涂层的耐磨性,为耐磨涂层材料的设计提供了新思路。
Abstract
Laser cladding technology is an advanced surface modification technology, which can improve the surface properties, such as hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, without changing the substrate properties. Metal carbide ceramic phase has outstanding wear and corrosion resistance and high hardness, and is an ideal coating reinforcement phase. However, due to the different parameters and poor compatibility between the substrate and the additive phase, the coating has low bonding strength and obvious defects such as hot cracking. In this work, CoCrFeNiMo0.5 high entropy alloy/TiC composite coating was prepared on Q235 substrate by indirect synthesis method of in-situ synthesis of ceramic phase by laser cladding technology. Nb elements with different proportions (x=0, 2.5wt.%, 5wt.%, 7.5wt.% and 10wt.% respectively) were added, and the powder was mixed evenly and preset on the clean Q235 steel surface. With XL-F2000 W fiber laser processing system, under the the power of 1 300 W, the laser spot diameter of 2.5 mm, the overlap rate of 40%, the defocus of +5 mm, and the scanning speed of 600 mm/min, multi-channel laser cladding was carried out. The sample was cut with wire cutting machine, with the cross section polished, and covered with aqua regia for corrosion. Then, the microstructure of the coating was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM, Zeiss, Germany, ZEISS Sigma), and the EDS (EDS Spectroscopy: Oxford 30 Xplore) spectrum of each selected surface was collected by energy spectrometer to analyze the composition. The phase composition of the coating was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD, SmartLab 9 kW, Rigaku, Tokyo, JPN), the microhardness of the coating and substrate was tested by microhardness technology (MHVD-1000AT, China), the wear resistance of the coating was tested by friction and wear machine (SFT-2M, China), the wear amount of the coating was calculated, and the morphology after rubbing the surface was observed. A well-formed CoCrFeNiMo0.5 high entropy alloy /TiC-NbC composite coating was prepared on Q235 surface by laser cladding technology, and the mechanical properties of the coating reached the best value when x=7.5. With the addition of Nb, the hysteresis diffusion effect of high entropy alloy led to the absence of in-situ phase NbC in the coating, and the coating formed an irregular crystal structure, and the properties of the coating were mainly affected by TiC. When the mass fraction of Nb was 10wt.%, the enhanced phase of NbC was generated in-situ in the laser molten pool. The alloying of Nb changed the phase composition and morphology of the composite coating. From the surface to the interface, the crystal structure of the coating evolved from cotton wool-like crystals to columnar crystals and cell crystals, and finally turned into uniform and refined cells. The average hardness of the coating reached 615.8HV. The results of friction and wear showed that the wear depth of S4 coating was 25 μm, the friction coefficient and wear rate were 0.589 and 0.15×10-5 mm3/(N∙m), respectively, and the wear resistance was obviously improved. This work provides a new idea for the study of in-situ formation of strong carbon compounds such as NbC by laser cladding, and offers a powerful reference for the study of in-situ synthesis.
关键词
激光熔覆 /
高熵合金 /
原位反应 /
微观结构 /
磨损机制
Key words
laser cladding /
HEA /
in-situ /
microstructure /
wear mechanism
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基金
广东省南海海洋牧场智能装备重点实验室（2023B1212030003）; 广东海洋大学激光加工创新团队项目（CCTD201823）
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