轮轨摩擦对高速列车制动噪声的影响研究

范恩泽; 康熙

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.17.018

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (17) : 213-224. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.17.018

摩擦磨损与润滑

轮轨摩擦对高速列车制动噪声的影响研究

范恩泽, 康熙^*

作者信息 +

Effect of Wheel-Rail Friction on Braking Noise of High-speed Trains

FAN Enze, KANG Xi^*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的研究高速列车制动时车轮与钢轨摩擦对制动噪声的影响。方法建立制动盘/片子系统与轮/轨子系统耦合的有限元模型,模拟干燥、湿润、油态3种轮轨接触工况下的制动噪声,以不稳定系数（TOI）作为判断制动噪声发生可能性的依据,分析制动缸推力、制动片与制动盘材料组合、制动片表面织构对噪声发生趋势的影响。结果轮轨干燥接触工况下TOI最大（2 087.85）,油态工况下TOI最小（1 452.38）。当制动缸推力为7 kN时,TOI最小,10 kN时TOI最大。铸钢制动盘和铜基粉末冶金制动片材料组合TOI值最小（1 415.53）,特征值实部最大值为410.36。锻钢制动盘和树脂基复合材料制动片组合TOI值及特征值实部的最大值最大,分别为4 042.97、943.71。采用增加表面织构制动片的系统,特征值实部在7 609.8 Hz处达到最大值389.74。结论轮轨干燥接触工况下噪声发生趋势最强,油态工况下发生趋势最弱,研究制动噪声时应考虑轮轨摩擦的影响。在保障安全运行的条件下,制动缸推力为7 kN时,摩擦激励与轮轨耗散抑制达到最优平衡而使TOI值最小。铸钢制动盘较大的密度与弹性模量提高了系统刚度,较大的泊松比优化了接触界面变形协调,三者协同使摩擦激励与系统耗散达到最优平衡而抑制噪声。采用增加表面织构的制动片可使接触压力分布更均匀,从而减轻制动噪声。

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of friction between wheels and rails on braking noise during the braking process of high-speed trains and analyze the theoretical suppression measures for braking noise, the work aims to establish a finite element model coupling the brake disc-pad subsystem and the wheel-rail subsystem based on the friction-induced self-excited vibration theory, simulate braking noise under three wheel-rail contact conditions including dry, wet and oil-contaminated states, and analyze the effect of brake cylinder thrust, material combinations of brake pads and brake discs, as well as surface texture of brake pads on the tendency of braking noise generation. The complex eigenvalue method was adopted to analyze the stability of the finite element model and obtain the distribution of unstable modes of the system in the frequency domain. The tendency of instability index (TOI) was adopted as the criterion to judge the possibility of braking noise occurrence, and a larger TOI value meant a stronger tendency for noise generation. The research results show that wheel-rail contact conditions have a significant impact on the braking noise tendency of high-speed trains, among which the TOI value reaches the maximum of 2 087.85 under the dry wheel-rail contact condition and falls to the minimum of 1 452.38 under the oil-contaminated condition. Under the dry wheel-rail contact state, when the brake cylinder thrust increases from 4 kN to 13 kN, the TOI value of the system fluctuates within the range from 1 855.7 to 2 087.9, hitting the minimum at the thrust of 7 kN and the maximum at 10 kN. Different material combinations of brake pads and brake discs produce distinctly different effects on noise: the combination of cast steel brake disc and copper-based powder metallurgy brake pad delivers the lowest TOI value of 1 415.53 with the maximum real part of eigenvalue being 410.36, while the combination of forged steel brake disc and resin-based composite brake pad presents the maximum TOI value of 4 042.97 and the maximum real part of eigenvalue of 943.71. For the system using brake pads with surface textures, the maximum real part of eigenvalue is 389.74 at the frequency of 7 609.8 Hz. It is concluded that wheel-rail contact conditions greatly affect the braking noise of high-speed trains, with the strongest noise generation tendency under dry conditions and the weakest under oil-contaminated conditions, which indicates that the friction between wheels and rails should be taken into consideration in studies on braking noise. Under the premise of ensuring the safe operation of trains, the possibility of braking noise occurrence is the lowest when the brake cylinder thrust is 7 kN. This is because brake cylinder thrust affects system stability by regulating the competitive coupling between the contact stiffness of brake discs and pads and wheel-rail damping, and the frictional excitation and wheel-rail dissipation suppression reach an optimal balance at 7 kN, thus minimizing the TOI value. The combination of cast steel brake disc and copper-based powder metallurgy brake pad can suppress noise effectively: the relatively high density and elastic modulus of cast steel improve the system stiffness, and its large Poisson's ratio optimizes the deformation coordination at the contact interface. The synergistic effect of these factors achieves an optimal balance between frictional excitation and system dissipation to restrain noise. Besides, brake pads with surface textures can form a more uniform contact pressure distribution during braking, so as to reduce braking noise.

导出引用

范恩泽, 康熙. 轮轨摩擦对高速列车制动噪声的影响研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(17): 213-224

FAN Enze, KANG Xi. Effect of Wheel-Rail Friction on Braking Noise of High-speed Trains[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(17): 213-224

中图分类号： U271.91

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