目的 提高G55SiMoVA轴承钢的耐磨性,探究不同静载荷超声滚压处理（USRP）对G55SiMoVA钢的表面特性及微动磨损行为的影响。方法 USRP施加静载荷分别为（200、600、1 000 N）。首先,对样品的表面粗糙度、硬度、残余压应力和显微组织进行了测试。然后,在不同位移幅值（10、80 μm）条件下进行了微动摩擦磨损试验。最后,通过有限元软件建立了球-板模型,模拟了磨损开始与结束阶段的磨损过程。结果 经USRP处理的样品表面粗糙度从0.162 μm降低至0.039 μm。样品表面承受的不均匀塑性变形导致晶粒细化,表面显微硬度从509.6HV0.2增加到750.2HV0.2,表层引入的残余压应力从‒131.9 MPa增加到‒724.7 MPa。在不同滑移状态下,随着静压力的增加,微动磨损体积均减小。其中,在小滑动位移下,磨损机制均为轻微磨粒磨损和氧化磨损;大滑动位移下,未处理样品的微动损伤主要归因于疲劳磨损、黏着磨损和氧化磨损,USRP样品主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。有限元仿真结果表明,所有样品接触压应力由接触中心向外逐渐衰减。磨损开始阶段接触表面压应力大,随着磨损疤痕的出现接触压应力逐渐释放。结论 通过超声滚压处理使得材料机械性能得到提高。表面粗糙度的降低、显微硬度的提高以及残余压应力的增强,三者产生协同作用,共同显著改善了材料的耐磨性。
Abstract
Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process (USRP) is a surface strengthening technology. Building upon conventional static rolling, it superimposes ultrasonic vibration impact, enabling plastic deformation on metal component surfaces through a combined loading method of static force and ultrasonic vibration. G55SiMoVA steel is widely used in forging thrust bearings for petroleum drilling tools. The service performance of these bearings significantly impacts the efficient and safe operation of drilling equipment. To enhance the wear resistance of G55SiMoVA steel, this study investigated the influence of different static loads during the ultrasonic surface rolling process on the fretting wear behavior of G55SiMoVA steel. The applied static loads for USRP were 200 N, 600 N, and 1 000 N, respectively. First, the two-dimensional morphology and surface roughness of the samples before and after USRP treatment were measured with a white-light interferometer (UP-3000, RTEC). The results showed that after USRP treatment, the surface roughness of the sample decreased from 0.162 μm to 0.039 μm. Second, the microhardness along the depth direction and the surface residual compressive stress of the rolled-strengthened surface were measured with a Vickers microhardness tester (402MVD, Wolpert) and an X-ray residual stress analyzer (PROTO-iXRD), respectively. The results indicated that inhomogeneous plastic deformation induced by the applied load led to grain refinement, increasing the surface microhardness from 509.6HV0.2 to 750.2HV0.2 and enhancing the introduced surface residual compressive stress from -131.9 MPa to -724.7 MPa. Third, the microstructure of the samples before and after rolling was further analyzed with a field-emission scanning electron microscope equipped with an Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) detector. The results revealed that after USRP treatment, the average grain size of the sample decreased from 1.36 μm to 1.13 μm, with a reduction of 18%, while the density of low-angle grain boundaries increased from 47% to 67%. Subsequently, fretting wear tests were conducted under different sliding displacement amplitudes (10 μm and 80 μm).The results indicated that under different sliding displacement conditions, the fretting wear volume decreased with the increasing USRP static load. When the sliding displacement was 10 μm, the coefficient of frictions (COFs) curves of all samples initially increased and eventually stabilized. The wear mechanisms observed were mild abrasive wear and oxidative wear. As the sliding displacement increased to 80 μm, the COFs rose slowly during the first 50 cycles. Upon reaching 1 000 cycles, the COFs reached their maximum values, after which they began to decline and stabilized at around 2 000 cycles. The fretting damage in untreated samples was primarily attributed to fatigue wear, adhesive wear, and oxidative wear, whereas in USRP-treated samples, abrasive wear and oxidative wear were the dominant factors. Finally, a ball-on-plate model was established using finite element software to simulate the wear process at the initial and final stages within a single fretting cycle. The finite element simulation results demonstrated that the contact compressive stress of all samples gradually attenuated from the contact center outward. High contact compressive stress was observed at the beginning of the wear stage, which was gradually released with the formation of wear scars. In conclusion, the reduction in surface roughness, the increase in microhardness, and the enhancement of residual compressive stress work synergistically, collectively leading to a significant improvement in the wear resistance of the material.
关键词
G55SiMoVA钢 /
超声滚压 /
微动磨损 /
磨损机制 /
耐磨性 /
有限元仿真
Key words
G55SiMoVA steel /
ultrasonic surface rolling /
fretting wear /
wear mechanism /
wear resistance /
finite element simulation
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] LI Z, YANG C Y, LIU P, et al.Rolling Contact Fatigue Behavior of Bainite/Martensite Bearing Steel with Rare Earth Addition[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2026, 206: 109434.
[2] KNUTESON C W, SEXTON T N, COOLEY C H.Wear- in Behaviour of Polycrystalline Diamond Thrust Bearings[J]. Wear, 2011, 271(9/10): 2106-2110.
[3] ZHANG M Y, HUANG Y Z, WANG S R, et al. Revealing the Elevated Temperature Fretting Wear Behavior of Laser Cladding Graphene/Co-Based Composite Coating[J]. Wear, 2025, 578/579: 206204.
[4] LUO G Q, XU X Y, DONG H R, et al.Enhance the Tribological Performance of Soft AISI 1045 Steel through a CRN/W-DLC/DLC Multilayer Coating[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2024, 485: 130916.
[5] 张新涛, 李淑琪, 夏佃秀, 等. 微粒子喷丸强化对GCr15轴承钢微动摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2025, 54(21): 237-250.
ZHANG X T, LI S Q, XIA D X, et al.Effect of Fine Particle Bombardment on the Fretting Wear Performance of GCr15 Bearing Steel[J]. Surface Technology, 2025, 54(21): 237-250.
[6] LIU Y, WANG L J, WANG D P.Finite Element Modeling of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2011, 211(12): 2106-2113.
[7] ZHAO Y Y, GONG B M, LIU Y, et al.Fatigue Behaviors of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processed AISI 1045: The Role of Residual Stress and Gradient Microstructure[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2024, 178: 107993.
[8] LUO X S, JIA D, ZHAN S P, et al.Effects of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing on the Surface Properties of 4Cr13 Stainless Steel[J]. Metals and Materials International, 2024, 30(8): 2282-2295.
[9] MA X Q, XU S B, XUE X M, et al.Effect of Multi-Pass Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process on Surface Properties and Microstructure of GCr15 Steel[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2025, 34(16): 17354-17366.
[10] WU Y Z, LIANG Y L, RAN X, et al.The Influence Mechanism of Nanogradient Structures Induced by Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process on Fretting Wear Oxidation of 40CrNiMoA Steel[J]. Tribology International, 2026, 214: 111133.
[11] 贺继樊, 金津, 刘建华, 等. 不同温度对Inconel 718合金微动磨损行为的影响研究[J]. 材料保护, 2024, 57(10): 1-10.
HE J F, JIN J, LIU J H, et al.Effect of Temperature on Fretting Wear Behavior of Inconel 718 Alloy[J]. Materials Protection, 2024, 57(10): 1-10.
[12] 穆星宇, 李欣, 韩怡茗, 等. 双轴交变载荷作用下TC4钛合金的微动磨损试验研究[J]. 表面技术, 2025, 54(5): 128-142.
MU X Y, LI X, HAN Y M, et al.Experimental Study on Fretting Wear of TC4 Titanium Alloy under Biaxial Alternating Load[J]. Surface Technology, 2025, 54(5): 128-142.
[13] 沈火明, 刘娟, 朱旻昊, 等. 球-平板径向微动磨损行为的数值模拟[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2010, 45(6): 909-913.
SHEN H M, LIU J, ZHU M H, et al.Numerical Simulation of Radial Fretting Behaviors Using Ball-Plate Model[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2010, 45(6): 909-913.
[14] CAI M X, ZHANG P, XIONG Q W, et al.Finite Element Simulation of Fretting Wear Behaviors under the Ball- on-Flat Contact Configuration[J]. Tribology International, 2023, 177: 107930.
[15] ZHU D, HE X, ZHONG L, et al.Effect of Laser Shock Peening on Tribological Properties of 55SiMoVA Bearing Steel[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2025, 181: 111704.
[16] LI T, MENG Y, DONG X Y, et al.Fabrication of Micro- Nano Composite Textures on Joint Implant Surfaces and Their Bio-Tribological Performance[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2025, 73: 107497.
[17] LI T, MENG Y, FU X L, et al.Impact of Ultrasonic Rolling Micro-Texture Shape on Anodic Oxidation Nanotube Growth and Wear Resistance in Micro-Nano Textured Titanium Alloy Implants[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2025, 346: 119122.
[18] 米雪, 唐攀, 沈平川, 等. 690合金管在不同法向载荷下的切向微动磨损性能研究[J]. 表面技术, 2020, 49(11): 191-197.
MI X, TANG P, SHEN P C, et al.Tangential Fretting Wear Characteristics of 690 Alloy Tubes under Different Normal Force[J]. Surface Technology, 2020, 49(11): 191-197.
[19] GONG Z, WEN D S, KONG B B, et al.Microstructure and Fretting Wear Properties of Ti-Al Coatings Fabricated by Laser Cladding on a Ti-6Al-4V Alloy[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2025, 189: 113066.
[20] SUN X H, XIA D X, ZHANG M Y, et al.Study on Fretting Wear Properties of GCr15 Steel via Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2024, 146(8): 081701.
[21] HUANG L S, LIU Y, WU J H, et al.Effect of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Wear Resistance of Mg-1.9Mn-0.3Ce Alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025, 1034: 181372.
[22] ZHANG J Y, JIAN Y X, ZHAO X Z, et al.The Tribological Behavior of a Surface-Nanocrystallized Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Sheet after Ultrasonic Shot Peening Treatment[J]. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, 2021, 9(4): 1187-1200.
[23] 许全军, 龚宝明, 刘秀国, 等. 超声滚压对45钢微观组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 表面技术, 2022, 51(1): 339-347.
XU Q J, GONG B M, LIU X G, et al.Effect of Ultrasonic Rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 45 Steel[J]. Surface Technology, 2022, 51(1): 339-347.
[24] LIU R H, XU S B, SUN K W, et al.Optimization of ZL104 Properties and Microstructure Study after Ultrasonic Rolling[J]. Materials Research, 2024, 27: e20240254.
[25] REN Z H, LI Z H, ZHOU S H, et al.Study on Surface Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy by Ultrasonic Rolling[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 2022, 121: 102643.
[26] WANG N, ZHU J L, LIU B, et al.Influence of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process and Shot Peening on Fretting Fatigue Performance of Ti-6Al-4V[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 34(1): 90.
[27] GONZÁLEZ R, GARCÍA J O, BARBÉS M A, et al. Structural Ultrafine Grained Steels Obtained by Advanced Controlled Rolling[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2013, 20(1): 62-70.
[28] HAN J, ZHANG Y M, ZHANG Z, et al.Unveiling the Deformation Mechanism of High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with Gradient Dislocation-Cell Structure[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 38(1): 35.
[29] ZHU M H, ZHOU Z R.On the Mechanisms of Various Fretting Wear Modes[J]. Tribology International, 2011, 44(11): 1378-1388.
[30] BAZRAFSHAN M, DE ROOIJ M B, SCHIPPER D J. On the Role of Adhesion and Roughness in Stick-Slip Transition at the Contact of Two Bodies: A Numerical Study[J]. Tribology International, 2018, 121: 381-388.
[31] YUE T Y, ABDEL WAHAB M.Finite Element Analysis of Fretting Wear under Variable Coefficient of Friction and Different Contact Regimes[J]. Tribology International, 2017, 107: 274-282.
[32] XU G Z, LIU J J, ZHON Z R.The Effect of the Third Body on the Fretting Wear Behavior of Coatings[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2002, 11(3): 288-293.
[33] DIOMIDIS N, MISCHLER S.Third Body Effects on Friction and Wear during Fretting of Steel Contacts[J]. Tribology International, 2011, 44(11): 1452-1460.
[34] LI J, LU Y H.Effects of Displacement Amplitude on Fretting Wear Behaviors and Mechanism of Inconel 600 Alloy[J]. Wear, 2013, 304(1/2): 223-230.
[35] QU S G, WANG J T, HU X F, et al.Effect of Ultrasonic Nanocrystalline Surface Modification Process on Fretting Wear Behavior of Laser Surface Textured 20CrMoH Steel[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 427: 127827.
[36] REN Z J, LAI F Q, QU S G, et al.Effect of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling on Surface Layer Properties and Fretting Wear Properties of Titanium Alloy Ti5Al4Mo6V2Nb1Fe[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2020, 389: 125612.
[37] BAYDOUN S, ARNAUD P, FOUVRY S.Modeling Contact Oxygenation and Adhesive Wear Extension in Axisymmetric Flat Circular Fretting Interfaces[J]. Wear, 2021, 477: 203822.
[38] ZHANG X Y, REN P D, ZHONG F C, et al.Fretting Wear and Friction Oxidation Behavior of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi Alloy at High Temperature[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2012, 22(4): 825-830.
[39] LI L, ZHANG W, JIANG G Q, et al.Effects of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process on the Microstructure and Wear Resistance of 2195 Al-Li Alloy Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion[J]. Materials Letters, 2025, 379: 137732.
[40] SWIFT P.Adventitious Carbon—The Panacea for Energy Referencing?[J]. Surface and Interface Analysis, 1982, 4(2): 47-51.
[41] BIESINGER M C, PAYNE B P, GROSVENOR A P, et al.Resolving Surface Chemical States in XPS Analysis of First Row Transition Metals, Oxides and Hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2011, 257(7): 2717-2730.
[42] QUINN T F J. Review of Oxidational Wear Part I: The Origins of Oxidational Wear[J]. Tribology International, 1983, 16(5): 257-271.
[43] GROSVENOR A P, KOBE B A, BIESINGER M C, et al.Investigation of Multiplet Splitting of Fe 2p XPS Spectra and Bonding in Iron Compounds[J]. Surface and Interface Analysis, 2004, 36(12): 1564-1574.
[44] JIANG J R, STOTT F H, STACK M M.The Role of Triboparticulates in Dry Sliding Wear[J]. Tribology International, 1998, 31(5): 245-256.
[45] VARENBERG M, HALPERIN G, ETSION I.Different Aspects of the Role of Wear Debris in Fretting Wear[J]. Wear, 2002, 252(11/12): 902-910.
[46] YIN M G, YIN H Y, ZHANG Q Q, et al.Effect of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process on the High Temperature Fretting Wear Behavior of Inconel 690 Alloy[J]. Wear, 2022, 500: 204347.
[47] DONG Y H, ZENG D F, WU P B, et al. Study on Fretting Fatigue Crack Initiation of Scaled Railway Axles in Consideration of Fretting Wear[J]. Wear, 2023, 512/513: 204545.
[48] FOUVRY S, LISKIEWICZ T, KAPSA P, et al.An Energy Description of Wear Mechanisms and Its Applications to Oscillating Sliding Contacts[J]. Wear, 2003, 255(1/2/3/4/ 5/6): 287-298.
[49] GUO J W, LI D, WANG H J, et al.Effect of Contact Stress on the Cycle-Dependent Wear Behavior of Ceramic Restoration[J]. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2017, 68: 16-25.
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目（52105185,52375183）; 山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”自然科学类团队项目（2024KJH101）; 山东省自然科学基金（ZR2025QC556）; 济南大学2025年青年教师学科交叉会聚建设项目（XKJC-202504）
PDF(22527 KB)
渝公网安备 50010702501715号 渝ICP备15012534号-3
