目的 探究紫铜表面钴-镍复合涂层的高温稳定性,验证其是否满足高炉风口的应用需求。方法 采用等离子熔覆技术在紫铜表面制备钴基(Co06)-镍基(Ni60A)复合涂层,并将涂层在500 ℃氩气下分别进行0、20、100、500 h的时效热处理,然后利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和高温摩擦磨损试验机等手段系统考察涂层微观组织和性能的演变规律。结果 热处理20 h后,钴基表层中亚稳态Cr7C3相部分转变为Cr23C6,同时有M6C（富含Cr、Co、Ni、W）白色碳化物析出;γ-Co固溶体晶粒和Cr23C6相的尺寸有增大的趋势。镍基过渡层无相转变过程,但同样存在固溶体晶粒和增强相的粗化现象。表层-过渡层、过渡层-铜基体的界面扩散程度有所增加,促进了冶金结合。热处理时间超过100 h后,涂层的微观结构基本趋于稳定。由于微观组织粗化以及相转变等原因,整个涂层的平均硬度由502.5HV（0 h）下降至447.1HV（500 h）,且下降梯度逐渐变缓;耐磨性也呈现先降低后稳定的变化规律,整体降低幅度较小,热处理500 h后相比于热处理前仅降低了1.65倍,磨损机制由单一磨粒磨损转变为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。结论 紫铜表面钴-镍复合涂层在长时间高温服役后的性能虽然有一定程度的退化,但最终能保持稳定,总体能够满足高炉风口的应用需求。
Abstract
Tuyere is a core component within the ironmaking blast furnace (made of copper), and its function is to deliver hot air and inject pulverized coal into the blast furnace. Due to the low hardness and poor wear resistance of copper, the tuyere is prone to damage in harsh environments. Utilizing cladding technology to construct a wear-resistant protective coating on copper surface is an important way to extend its service life. Existing research has confirmed that cobalt-based alloy coatings can significantly improve the short-term service performance of copper, and a nickel-based transition layer serves as a bridge for achieving metallurgical bonding between the cobalt-based alloy and the copper substrate. However, the long-term service stability of Co-Ni composite coatings remains a research gap. Considering that aging heat treatment can simulate the conditions of long-term high-temperature service for coatings, this work utilizes this method to explore the high-temperature stability of plasma cladded Co-Ni composite coatings, aiming to verify whether they meet the application requirements of blast furnace tuyere.
Based on the Co06/Ni60A composite coating prepared on a copper surface by plasma cladding in the early stage and the actual service environment of blast furnace tuyere, the coating was subjected to aging heat treatment at 500 ℃ in argon gas for 0 h, 20 h, 100 h, and 500 h, respectively. Subsequently, microstructural characterization and performance testing were conducted. The microstructure and chemical composition of coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The phase composition changes of coating were identified with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The microhardness of the coating was measured with a microhardness tester. The wear resistance evolution of the coating was tested with a friction and wear tester.
After heat treatment for 20 h, the metastable Cr7C3 phase in the Co-based surface layer partially transformed into Cr23C6, accompanied by the precipitation of white carbides M6C (rich in Cr, Co, Ni, W). The grain size of the γ-Co solid solution and the Cr23C6 phase exhibited a tendency to increase. The Ni-based transition layer did not undergo phase transformation, but there was also a coarsening phenomenon in the solid solution grains and reinforcement phases. The degree of interfacial diffusion between the surface layer-transition layer and the transition layer-copper substrate increased, promoting metallurgical bonding. After heat treatment for more than 100 h, the microstructure of the coating basically stabilized. Due to microstructural coarsening and phase transformation, the average hardness of the entire coating decreased from 502.5HV (0 h) to 447.1HV (500 h), and the decreasing gradient gradually slowed down. The wear resistance also showed a trend of decreasing first and then stabilizing, with an overall small decrease. After heat treatment for 500 h, it was only reduced by 1.65 times compared with that before heat treatment, and the wear mechanism shifted from single abrasive wear to a combination of abrasive wear and adhesive wear. In summary, although the performance of the Co-Ni composite coating on a copper surface degrades to some extent after long-term high-temperature service, it ultimately remains stable and can generally meet the application requirements of the blast furnace tuyere.
关键词
时效热处理 /
紫铜 /
复合涂层 /
等离子熔覆 /
微观组织 /
耐磨性
Key words
aging heat treatment /
copper /
composite coating /
plasma cladding /
microstructure /
wear resistance
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目（U1860203）; 安徽省高校科学研究项目（2025AHGXZK40741,2025AHGXZK30121）; 安徽省博士后资助项目（2025B1044）; 安徽省高校协同创新项目（GXXT-2023-025,GXXT-2023-026）; 安徽省优秀科研创新团队项目（2024AH010031）; 铜陵学院人才科研启动基金项目（2023tlxyrc49）; 铜陵学院校级科研项目（2025tlxypt02）
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