钛合金双线锁紧螺纹表面涂层耐磨损特性研究

石峪溪; 龚轩; 李靖宇; 廖日东; 李炜昊

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.17.006

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (17) : 68-76. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.17.006

摩擦磨损与润滑

钛合金双线锁紧螺纹表面涂层耐磨损特性研究

石峪溪¹, 龚轩¹, 李靖宇¹, 廖日东², 李炜昊^2,*

作者信息 +

Wear Resistance of Coatings on Titanium Alloy Double-wire Locking Threads

SHI Yuxi¹, GONG Xuan¹, LI Jingyu¹, LIAO Ridong², LI Weihao^2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的探究钛合金双线锁紧螺栓-螺母的摩擦磨损特性,研究石蜡等多种有机润滑剂改性MoS₂涂层对螺纹耐磨性的影响。方法利用扭-拉试验机模拟螺栓-螺母的装配过程,通过锁紧力矩与表面状态的变化总结螺纹磨损的典型阶段。对原MoS₂涂层和有机润滑剂改性后的MoS₂涂层样件进行销盘形式的摩擦磨损实验,对比两样件在相同摩擦条件下的磨损率与摩擦系数。对比不同类型、不同浓度有机润滑剂改性后的MoS₂涂层螺栓-螺母锁紧力矩变化曲线,分析其对螺纹副耐磨性的影响。结果钛合金双线锁紧螺栓-螺母的磨损存在MoS₂涂层的磨合阶段、MoS₂涂层的稳定磨损阶段、MoS₂涂层的剧烈磨损阶段、螺纹金属面的剧烈磨损阶段和螺纹金属面的稳定磨损阶段;使用有机润滑剂改性后的MoS₂涂层摩擦系数相比于原MoS₂涂层显著降低至0.05;改性后的MoS₂涂层显著延长了螺纹副的稳定磨损阶段;有机润滑剂种类与浓度在不同程度上影响了涂层的摩擦性能;MoS₂/石蜡复合涂层受温度的影响较大,在高温条件下协同作用失效。结论钛合金锁紧螺栓-螺母的重复使用性能取决于螺纹副MoS₂涂层的稳定磨损阶段寿命。利用石蜡和十六醇等有机润滑剂对MoS₂涂层进行改性可以有效延长涂层的稳定磨损阶段,提高螺纹副的耐磨损性能。

Abstract

The work aims to investigate the wear resistance of titanium alloy double-wire locking bolt-nut assemblies which are critical components such as hatch locks in major equipment. As these fasteners require frequent assembly and disassembly in service, their reusability is a vital performance indicator. Wear-induced failure at the thread surface is a common issue due to the specific locking structure. To address this limitation, an innovative surface engineering approach was proposed and evaluated, involving the modification of thread surfaces with organic lubricant (paraffin wax and hexadecanol)-reinforced MoS₂ composite coatings. In this work, the fundamental wear mechanism of a standard MoS₂-coated thread pair was deciphered. A torque-tension testing machine was employed to simulate repeated tightening cycles. Through synchronized analysis of the torque curve evolution and post-cycle surface morphology, five distinct and sequential wear stages were identified: the run-in stage of the MoS₂ coating, its stable wear stage, its severe wear stage, followed by the severe wear stage of the underlying metallic thread substrate, and finally, a stable wear stage of the metallic substrate itself. This analysis established a clear correspondence between the frictional state at the thread interface and the characteristic locking torque signature, with the specific torque change features and associated surface conditions for each stage being thoroughly documented. Building on this mechanistic understanding, a comprehensive performance evaluation of the modified coatings was conducted. Pin-on-disc tests were carried out to measure and compare the friction coefficients and specific wear rates of the baseline MoS₂ coating against the organic lubricant-modified versions. The practical efficacy was then directly validated through repeated tightening tests on bolt-nut assemblies coated with composites containing varying types and concentrations of organic lubricants, where the locking torque evolution served as the direct measure of in-service durability. The results demonstrated that the organic lubricant modification successfully reduced the average friction coefficient of the coating to approximately 0.05. This modification profoundly extended the duration of the critical stable wear stage during tightening, thereby delaying the transition to severe metallic wear. The performance was found to be highly dependent on the type and concentration of the organic lubricant. A key finding pertained to the thermal limitations of the MoS₂/paraffin wax composite. Furthermore, under high-power sliding conditions in pin-on-disc tests, the MoS₂/paraffin wax composite was observed to be prone to adhesive wear at elevated temperatures, accompanied by a sharp increase in the friction coefficient. This further corroborated its relatively poor thermal stability and underscored the necessity of carefully evaluating its applicable temperature range in practical service. Despite this thermal sensitivity under extreme conditions, the composite coating delivered remarkable functional improvement in standard assembly simulations, increasing the failure cycle of the titanium alloy locking bolt-nut assembly from 450 to over 1 500 uses. It is concluded that the reusable lifespan of such threaded connections is predominantly governed by the longevity of the coating's stable wear stage. The application of organic lubricant-modified MoS₂ coatings presents a highly effective strategy for dramatically improving wear resistance. The work highlights that while coatings like MoS₂/paraffin wax offer exceptional performance gains in typical scenarios, their thermal stability must be a key consideration for application-specific design, ensuring reliable performance across the intended service envelope.

导出引用

石峪溪, 龚轩, 李靖宇, 廖日东, 李炜昊. 钛合金双线锁紧螺纹表面涂层耐磨损特性研究[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(17): 68-76

SHI Yuxi, GONG Xuan, LI Jingyu, LIAO Ridong, LI Weihao. Wear Resistance of Coatings on Titanium Alloy Double-wire Locking Threads[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(17): 68-76

中图分类号： TH117

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