目的 本工作旨在研究38CrMoAl高强钢在模拟海洋环境下的摩擦磨损性能演变规律及其磨损机理。方法 利用盐雾腐蚀设备结合摩擦磨损试验机对38CrMoAl高强钢分别进行不同周期（0、48、96、192、288、480 h）预腐蚀和不同腐蚀周期下摩擦系数与磨损率的变化,采用光学显微镜、X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等分析手段,探析了38CrMoAl高强钢腐蚀前后的宏微观形貌和物相变化,以及摩擦磨损实验后磨痕形貌和元素分布变化,揭示了腐蚀产物层对摩擦学行为的影响机制。结果 腐蚀产物主要由Fe3O4、α-FeOOH两种物质组成,厚度随着腐蚀周期的延长而增加。经历腐蚀后的38CrMoAl高强钢,在高载荷下与Al2O3陶瓷球对磨时,其表面因腐蚀产物覆盖而导致摩擦系数从腐蚀前的0.76下降至0.48~0.56的范围内,磨痕深度从初始的5.09 μm（0 h）增加到91.81 μm（480 h）,0 h试样磨损率为0.035 6×10‒12 m3/(N·m),经过不同周期腐蚀后磨损率分别为1.58×10‒12、0.54×10‒12、0.73×10‒12、3.31×10‒12、3.33×10‒12 m3/(N·m),呈U型分布。结论 结合摩擦磨损后试样磨痕SEM图结果,未腐蚀（0 h）试样的磨损机制为磨粒磨损,经过不同腐蚀周期后试样的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损为主。
Abstract
Focusing on the evolution behavior of friction and wear performance of 38CrMoAl high-strength steel in simulated marine salt spray environment, the work aims to reveal the corrosion-wear synergistic damage mechanism to support the service safety and surface protection design of marine engineering components made of this steel. 38CrMoAl steel was processed into 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm cubic specimens by wire cutting, and all edges were sealed with resin to avoid the interference of edge corrosion effects. The specimens were ground and polished step by step with 400# to 2000# SiC sandpapers to a mirror finish, then ultrasonically cleaned for 5 minutes and dried for subsequent tests. Salt spray corrosion tests were carried out in a DCTC-1200P chamber in accordance with GB/T 10125—2021, using 5wt.% NaCl solution with a pH value of 3.5, a test temperature of (35±2) ℃ and a salt spray deposition rate of 2 mL/(cm2·h). Six corrosion periods including 0 h, 48 h, 96 h, 192 h, 288 h and 480 h were set to explore the time-dependent tribological performance changes. Reciprocating friction and wear tests were conducted on a Bruker UMT-TriboLab tribometer with a 6.35 mm Al2O3 ceramic ball as the counterpart, under a normal load of 10 N, a reciprocating frequency of 1 Hz, a stroke length of 5 mm and a test duration of 30 min. The macro-morphology, micro-morphology, phase composition and elemental distribution of corroded and worn surfaces were characterized by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer, and the wear depth, volume and specific wear rate were quantitatively measured by an ET200A-3D profilometer.
Experimental results indicate that the corrosion products formed on 38CrMoAl steel are mainly Fe3O4 and α-FeOOH with a loose and porous microstructure, and the thickness of the corrosion product layer increases continuously from 132 μm at 48 h to 232 μm at 480 h with the extension of corrosion time. After pre-corrosion treatment, the stable friction coefficient of the steel decreases significantly from 0.76 of the uncorroded sample to a stable range of 0.48-0.56, and the maximum wear depth rises from 5.09 μm to 91.81 μm. The specific wear rate presents a typical U-shaped nonlinear variation with corrosion time, which is 0.035 6×10‒12 m3/(N·m) for the uncorroded sample, and 1.58×10‒12, 0.54×10‒12, 0.73×10‒12, 3.31×10‒12 and 3.33×10‒12 m3/(N·m) for the specimens corroded for 48 h, 96 h, 192 h, 288 h and 480 h, respectively.
The tribological properties of 38CrMoAl steel are dominated by the dual competitive effect of the corrosion product layer. At the initial corrosion stage, the thin and loose product layer is quickly worn away under friction shear, leading to a sharp increase in wear rate. With moderate corrosion duration, the product layer acts as a lubricating third body to effectively separate the friction pair and reduce wear. When corrosion time exceeds 288 h, Cl ions penetrate the product layer and induce pitting corrosion at the product-substrate interface, which becomes the core source of fatigue crack initiation and propagation. The wear mechanism transforms from single abrasive wear to the synergistic effect of abrasive wear and fatigue wear, and fatigue wear gradually dominates with prolonged corrosion. This work systematically clarifies the nonlinear evolution law and corrosion-wear coupling mechanism of 38CrMoAl steel in marine environment, which enriches the research on the long-term service performance of this nitriding steel under marine atmospheric corrosion conditions.
关键词
38CrMoAl /
海洋环境 /
腐蚀磨损 /
摩擦磨损性能
Key words
38CrMoAl /
marine environment /
corrosion wear /
friction and wear performance
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基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目（12532003）; 山东省自然科学基金（ZR2024QE253）; 山东省自然科学基金面上项目（ZR2020ME130）
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