GH4169高温合金抗疲劳制造表面纳米晶热稳定性的研究进展

郭亦枫; 申志彬; 宋润华; 周晴雯

doi:10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.15.012

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表面技术 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (15) : 150-168. DOI: 10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2026.15.012

表界面强化技术

GH4169高温合金抗疲劳制造表面纳米晶热稳定性的研究进展

郭亦枫¹, 申志彬¹, 宋润华², 周晴雯^1,*

作者信息 +

Advances in Research on Thermal Stability of Surface Nanocrystals in Fatigue-resistant Manufacturing of GH4169 Superalloys

GUO Yifeng¹, SHEN Zhibin¹, SONG Runhua², ZHOU Qingwen^1,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

镍基高温合金因其优异的力学性能被广泛用于航空航天、燃气轮机等领域,但高温构件长期服役在高温高压、复杂载荷环境下,存在热疲劳失效问题。表面纳米化可有效细化表层晶粒以提高疲劳性能,然而纳米晶在高温下易发生粗化,使抗疲劳效果被显著削弱。本文聚焦于GH4169高温合金抗疲劳制造中表面纳米晶的热稳定性问题,系统综述了以下三方面的研究进展：首先,针对高温合金的疲劳性能,从加载条件、环境因素以及加工工艺等宏观层面分析了高温材料普遍存在的疲劳失效行为与共性规律,然后深入探讨了微观组织特征（如析出相种类、分布和晶粒尺寸）对疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展的影响机制;随后,概述了不同表面纳米化技术（喷丸强化、激光冲击强化和超声表面滚压）提升材料疲劳性能的研究进展,进一步阐述了纳米结构在高温下的再结晶演化规律及其对热稳定性的影响机理;最后,先阐明纳米结构热稳定性随晶粒尺寸变化的演变规律。在此基础上,深入剖析了塑性变形机制的尺寸效应,进而以GH4169高温合金为例,揭示了变形机制对热稳定性的调控机理与内在关联。基于以上内容,本文致力于建立起塑性变形机理-纳米结构特征-热稳定性之间的联系,旨在为通过工艺设计获得兼具持久细晶强化与高热稳定性的高温合金提供理论支撑。最后,分析了目前研究存在的不足和未来方向。

Abstract

Nickel-based superalloys are widely used in aerospace and gas turbine applications due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, during long-term service under high temperatures, high pressures, and complex loading conditions, these components are prone to thermal fatigue failure. Surface nanocrystallization can effectively refine the surface grain structure and enhance fatigue performance, but nanocrystalline grains are susceptible to coarsening at elevated temperatures, which significantly diminishes the beneficial effect. Focusing on the thermal stability of surface nanocrystals in GH4169 superalloy for fatigue-resistant manufacturing, the work aims to systematically review the research progress from the following three aspects.
Firstly, regarding the fatigue performance of high-temperature alloys, this work provides a multi-scale analysis spanning from macro- to micro-level perspectives. At the macroscopic scale, it examines the effect mechanisms of loading conditions (e.g., stress amplitude, mean stress, loading frequency), environmental factors (e.g., temperature, oxidation, corrosive media), and processing routes on the fatigue failure behavior of high-temperature components. This analysis allows for the identification of common fatigue failure modes and general behavioral patterns in these materials. Building on this foundation, the discussion proceeds to the microscopic level, where it investigates how microstructural features such as the type, distribution, and size of precipitates, as well as grain dimensions affect the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and propagation. This section underscores the pivotal role of precise microstructural control in optimizing fatigue performance.
Secondly, the review summarizes research advances in various surface nanocrystallization techniques, specifically shot peening, laser shock peening, and ultrasonic surface rolling, aimed at enhancing the fatigue performance of materials through surface modification and microstructural optimization. To tackle the challenge of microstructural degradation under high-temperature service conditions, it further investigates the recrystallization evolution behavior of nanostructures at elevated temperatures and elucidates the underlying mechanisms governing their thermal stability.
Thirdly, the evolution of thermal stability in nanostructures as a function of grain size is systematically elucidated, identifying anomalous thermal stability phenomena and defining the critical size range within which they exist. Subsequently, it provides a systematic analysis of the evolution of plastic deformation mechanisms across different grain size regimes, clarifying the transition of the dominant deformation mechanism from intragranular dislocation slip to grain boundary-mediated processes when the grain size decreases below a critical threshold. Specifically, at larger grain sizes, plasticity is primarily governed by the multiplication, glide, and interaction of dislocations. However, as the grain size refines, the significant increase in grain boundary volume fraction severely restricts intragranular dislocation activities. Consequently, interface-dominated mechanisms such as grain boundary sliding, grain boundary diffusion, and grain boundary migration emerge as the key pathways for coordinating plastic deformation. Finally, using the representative high-temperature alloy GH4169 as a case study, and incorporating micro-scale investigation techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations and in-situ transmission electron microscopy, this review focuses on revealing how specific plastic deformation mechanisms induce grain boundary structural relaxation and reconstruction, thereby determining the intrinsic relationship and regulatory mechanisms governing material thermal stability.
Based on the above contents, this work strives to establish the intrinsic relationship among plastic deformation mechanism, nanostructure characteristics, and thermal stability, aiming to provide theoretical support for obtaining high-temperature alloys with both persistent fine-grain strengthening and high thermal stability through process design. Finally, the current deficiencies in research and future directions are analyzed.

导出引用

郭亦枫, 申志彬, 宋润华, 周晴雯. GH4169高温合金抗疲劳制造表面纳米晶热稳定性的研究进展[J]. 表面技术. 2026, 55(15): 150-168

GUO Yifeng, SHEN Zhibin, SONG Runhua, ZHOU Qingwen. Advances in Research on Thermal Stability of Surface Nanocrystals in Fatigue-resistant Manufacturing of GH4169 Superalloys[J]. Surface Technology. 2026, 55(15): 150-168

中图分类号： TG668

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