目的 水基纳米流体静电雾化借助高压静电场将荷电雾滴定向输送至加工区,可有效提高流体利用率,改善加工性能。然而目前尚未对水基纳米流体静电雾化切削性能进行研究,缺乏对其与荷电、润湿性能关联的认识,亟待开展相关工作。方法 测试了氧化石墨烯水基纳米流体静电雾化的模式、荷电及润湿性能,采用单因素与正交试验方法进行铝合金切削试验,研究了电压、氧化石墨烯含量及流量对切削力和切削区表面温度的影响,并利用信噪比和灰色关联度分析方法优化了氧化石墨烯含量、流量和切削速度,以有效减力降温。结果 与去离子水静电雾化相比,氧化石墨烯水基纳米流体静电雾化的切削力与切削区表面温度分别减小1.59%~6.71%和0.54%~13.87%。荷电与润湿性能、雾化分散性及氧化石墨烯水基纳米流体的流动性和分散性共同影响切削力和切削区表面温度随电压和氧化石墨烯含量的变化趋势。就降低减力降温的综合效果而言,最优的氧化石墨烯含量（体积分数）、流量及切削速度分别为0.3%、5 mL/h和353 m/min。最优参数下的刀具磨损和加工表面粗糙度较去离子水和LB2000植物性润滑油静电雾化分别降低27.8%~30.8%和7.7%~31.5%。结论 添加的氧化石墨烯不仅改善静电雾化效果和润湿性能,而且在切削表面可沉积形成润滑层,从而改善铝合金切削的加工性能。
Abstract
Water-based nanofluid electrostatic spray can effectively improve the utilization rate of water-based nanofluids and enhance the processing performance by using high-voltage electrostatic field to transport charged droplets to the processing area. However, at present, the electrostatic spray cutting performance using water-based nanofluids has not been studied, and there is a lack of understanding of its relationship with charging performance and wettability. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out relevant works. The mode, charging performance, and wettability for electrostatic spray using graphene oxide water-based nanofluids are tested in this work. The single factor and orthogonal test methods are used to carry out the electrostatic spray cutting of aluminum alloy with graphene oxide water-based nanofluids. Based on the test results of spray current and charged droplet's surface tension and contact angle, the effects of voltage, graphene oxide content, and flow rate on cutting force and surface temperature of the cutting zone are studied. The graphene oxide content, flow rate, and cutting speed are optimized by using signal-to-noise ratio and grey correlation analysis method, so as to reduce the force and the temperature effectively. In addition, the tool wear test and machined surface quality inspection for electrostatic spray cutting with deionized water, graphene oxide water-based nanofluid, and LB2000 vegetable lubricating oil under the optimal parameters are carried out to further confirm the processing effect of the optimal parameters. The spray test results show that conical jet is a spray mode for continuous cooling and lubrication of cutting edges. The spray current of electrostatic spray using graphene oxide water-based nanofluids is higher than that of deionized water electrostatic spray, while the surface tension and contact angle of charged droplets are lower compared with deionized water electrostatic spray. The increase of voltage, graphene oxide content, and flow rate can easily lead to the improvement of charging performance and wettability. The single factor cutting test results indicate that compared with deionized water electrostatic spray, the cutting force and surface temperature of the cutting zone for electrostatic spray using graphene oxide water-based nanofluids are reduced by 1.59%-6.71% and 0.54%-13.87%, respectively. The changing trends of cutting force and surface temperature in the cutting zone with voltage and graphene oxide content are affected by the charging and wetting properties, spray dispersion, and the fluidity and dispersion of graphene oxide water-based nanofluids. The signal-to-noise ratio and grey correlation analysis for the orthogonal experimental results suggest that in terms of the comprehensive effect of reducing the cutting force and the surface temperature of the cutting zone, the optimal graphene oxide content, flow rate, and cutting speed are 0.3vol.%, 5 mL/h, and 353 m/min, respectively. Compared with deionized water electrostatic spray and LB2000 vegetable oil electrostatic spray, the tool wear and machined surface roughness under the optimal parameters are lowered by 27.8%-30.8% and 7.7%-31.5%, respectively. The addition of graphene oxide not only improves the electrostatic spray effect and wettability, but also deposits on the cutting surface to form a lubricating layer, thus improving the cooling and lubrication performance and consequently enhancing the processing performance of aluminum alloy cutting.
关键词
铝合金 /
切削 /
氧化石墨烯水基纳米流体 /
静电雾化 /
微量润滑
Key words
aluminum alloy /
cutting /
graphene oxide water-based nanofluid /
electrostatic atomization /
minimal quantity lubrication
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